Use of morphinan derivatives for treatment of opioid delta receptor agonist-related disease

ABSTRACT

A method for therapeutic treatment of pain-associated anxiety or depression in a mammalian subject in need thereof, that includes administering to the subject an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition containing a morphinan derivative that exhibits an opioid δ receptor agonist activity.

This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/333,373, which is a U.S. national stage of PCT/JP2017/033459, filed Sep. 15, 2017, and claims priority to JP 2016-203925, filed Sep. 16, 2016. The disclosures of the applications above are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to use of a morphinan derivative having an opioid δ receptor agonistic activity, for example, use thereof for therapeutic treatment of headache.

BACKGROUND ART

Opioids bind to opioid receptors to exhibit the effect thereof, and there are three kinds of subtypes of the opioid receptors, i.e., μ, δ, and δ receptors. It is known that agonists of each of the three subtypes, i.e., μ, δ, and κ, have analgesic effects.

Among them, agonists that selectively activate the opioid 6 receptor are expected not to induce or expected to induce little side effects through the activation of the opioid μ receptor or opioid κ receptor.

Various compounds have so far been reported as opioid δ receptor agonists, and the analgesic activity, antidepressive activity, and anxiolytic activity thereof have been verified (Patent documents 1 to 6 and Non-patent documents 1 to 3). As for headache, since it has been demonstrated that opioid δ receptor agonists are effective for chronic and acute headaches, and they suppress the precursory symptoms of headache, they are effective for prophylaxis of headache (Non-patent document 4).

PRIOR ART REFERENCES Patent documents

-   Patent document 1: Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication (Kohyo)     No. 2006-522775 -   Patent document 2: WO2001/046192 -   Patent document 3: WO2008/001859 -   Patent document 4: WO2013/035833 -   Patent document 5: WO2014/021273 -   Patent document 6: WO2014/136305

Non-Patent Documents

-   Non-patent document 1: Tetrahedron, 2011, 67, 6682 -   Non-patent document 2: European Journal of Pharmacology, 276 (1995)     131-135 -   Non-patent document 3: European Journal of Pharmacology, 322 (1997)     27-30 -   Non-patent document 4: British Journal of Pharmacology, 171 (2014)     2375-2384

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Problem to be Solved by the Invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a medicament useful for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of opioid 6 receptor-related diseases (for example, headache).

Means for Solving the Problem

The inventors of the present invention conducted various researches in order to achieve the aforementioned object. As a result, they found that a pharmaceutical composition comprising a morphinan derivative is useful for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of opioid δ receptor-related diseases (for example, headache), and accomplished the present invention.

An aspect of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵ which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of an opioid δ receptor-related disease (for example, headache), which contains a compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

Effect of the Invention

A medicament useful for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of opioid δ receptor-related diseases (for example, headache) is provided by the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of the mouse elevated plus maze test for the compound 1. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the mouse elevated plus maze test for the compound 7. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the mouse elevated plus maze test for the compound 3. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the mouse elevated plus maze test for the compound 9. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of the mouse elevated plus maze test for the compound 10. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of the rat elevated plus maze test for the compounds 3, 7, and 10. The vertical axis indicates wall-less running route staying time ratio, and test compounds and doses thereof are shown under the horizontal axis.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail.

-   (1)

One aspect of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents 0 or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O), provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

In embodiments of the present invention, the compound represented by the general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof used in the pharmaceutical composition according to (1) provided by the present invention may be those according to any one of the followings (2) to (58):

-   (2)

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1), wherein R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   (3)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1) or (2) mentioned above, wherein R¹ is cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   (4)

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1), wherein R¹ is C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; or C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with C₁₋₆ alkoxy.

-   (5)

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1), wherein R¹ is allyl, fluoropropyl, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, or 2-(aminosulfonyl)ethyl.

-   (6)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, wherein according to any one of (1) to (5) mentioned above, wherein R² is a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group; or a heterocyclic ring consisting of the foregoing heterocyclic ring and a benzene ring condensed thereto.

-   (7)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridine 1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (8)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (7) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridine 1-oxide.

-   (9)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (10)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6), and (9) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one; 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one; or 6-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one.

-   (11)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (12)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6), and (11) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, or 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one.

-   (13)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (14)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6), and (13) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one.

-   (15)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (16)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one.

-   (17)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (18)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6), and (17) mentioned above, wherein R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one.

-   (19)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (20)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one.

-   (21)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (22)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (6), and (21) mentioned above, wherein R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

-   (23)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (22) mentioned above, wherein X is CH₂.

-   (24)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (23) mentioned above, wherein one of R³ and R⁴ is hydroxy, and the other is hydrogen.

-   (25)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (23) mentioned above, wherein R³ is halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen or hydroxy, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   (26)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (23) mentioned above, wherein R³ is hydroxy; carbamoyl; or C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy, R⁴ is hydrogen, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   (27)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (23) mentioned above, wherein R³ is hydroxy, R⁴ is hydrogen, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   (28)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (23) mentioned above, wherein all of R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are hydrogens.

-   (29)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1) to (28) mentioned above, wherein all of R^(6a), R^(6b), R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are hydrogens.

-   (30)

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1), wherein:

R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are hydrogens,

R¹ is hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² is a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group, or a heterocyclic ring consisting of the foregoing heterocyclic ring and a benzene ring condensed thereto,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom of R² as a ring-constituting atom,

R³ and R⁴, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

X is CH₂, and

Y is C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₆ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³ or R⁴ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, at least one of the substituents which the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may have, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens.

-   (31)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1) or (30), wherein R¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   (32)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1), (30), or (31), wherein R¹ is cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   (33)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1) or (30), wherein R¹ is C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; or C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with C₁₋₆ alkoxy.

-   (34)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to (1) or (30), wherein R¹ is allyl, fluoropropyl, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, or 2-(aminosulfonyl)ethyl.

-   (35)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (34), wherein R² is pyridine 1-oxide, pyridin-2(1H)-one, pyridin-4(1H)-one, pyridazin-3(2H)-one, pyrazin-2(1H)-one, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2H-pyran-2-one, quinolin-2(1H)-one, pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with a substituent selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (36)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyridine 1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (37)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (36), wherein R² is pyridine 1-oxide.

-   (38)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (39)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one; 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one; or 6-(C₁₋₆ alky)pyridin-2(1H)-one.

-   (40)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (41)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (40), wherein R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, or 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one.

-   (42)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (43)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (42), wherein R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one.

-   (44)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (45)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (44), wherein R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one.

-   (46)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (47)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (46), wherein R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one.

-   (48)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (49)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (48), wherein R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one.

-   (50)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (35), wherein R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   (51)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), (30) to (35), and (50), wherein R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

-   (52)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (51), wherein one of R³ and R⁴ is hydroxy, and the other is hydrogen.

-   (53)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (51), wherein R³ is halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R⁴ is hydrogen or hydroxy.

-   (54)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (51), wherein R³ is hydroxy; carbamoyl; or C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy, and R⁴ is hydrogen.

-   (55)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (51), wherein R³ is hydroxy, and R⁴ is hydrogen.

-   (56)

The compound, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof according to any one of (1), and (30) to (51), wherein R³ and R⁴ are hydrogens.

(57) A compound selected from:

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-2H-pyran-2-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-4H-pyran-4-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-4(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-acetoxy-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, and

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

-   (58) A compound selected from:

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one,

5-chloro-3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, and

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

As used herein:

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkyl include methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, hexyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl include those exemplified for the C₁₋₆ alkyl, as well as heptyl, octyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens include 2-chloroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₂₋₆ alkenyl include 2-propenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, and the like.

Examples of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, and the like substituted with C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

Examples of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms include benzyl group, and phenethyl group.

Examples of the C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₆₋₁₀ aryl include phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.

Examples of the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms include pyridyl, furyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl, and the like.

Examples of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms include (pyridin-2-yl)methyl, (pyridin-3-yl)methyl, (pyridin-4-yl)methyl, (furan-2-yl)methyl, (furan-3-yl)methyl, (imidazol-2-yl)methyl, (imidazol-4-yl)methyl, (imidazol-5-yl)methyl, (thiazol-2-yl)methyl, (thiazol-4-yl)methyl, (thiazol-5-yl)methyl, 2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl, 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)ethyl, 2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl, 2-(thiophen-3-yl)ethyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkanoyl include acetyl, propionyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkoxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy include acetoxy, and the like.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and the like.

Examples of the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens include fluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens include those mentioned above for the C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens, as well as tetrafluoroethoxy, and the like.

Examples of the phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms include benzyl, and the like.

Examples of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy include phenoxy, and the like.

Examples of the C₁₋₈ alkylamino include methylamino, ethylamino, and the like.

Examples of the acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms include acetylamino, and the like.

Examples of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino include phenylamino, and the like.

Examples of the alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include ethylcarbamoyl, and the like.

Examples of the dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include diethylcarbamoyl, and the like.

Examples of the alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methylsulfonyl, and the like.

Examples of the alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methylsulfinyl, and the like.

Examples of the alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms include methylthio, and the like.

Examples of the arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms include benzoyl, and the like.

Examples of the 5- to 7-membered ring that may be formed by combining R¹¹, R¹² together with the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms include pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, and the like.

Examples of the heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group as R² include:

(A) pyridine 1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyridine 1-oxide and 2-methylpyridine 1-oxide;

(B) pyridin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyridin-2(1H)-one, 1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one, 1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one, 6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one, 6-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one, and 6-trifluoromethylpyridin-2(1H)-one;

(C) pyridin-4(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyridin-4(1H)-one, 1-methylpyridin-4(1H)-one, 1-ethylpyridin-4(1H)-one, and 1-(fluoroethyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one;

(D) pyridazin-3(2H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyridazin-3(2H)-one and 2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one;

(E) pyrazin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyrazin-2(1H)-one, and 1-methylpyrazin-2(1H)-one;

(F) 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted alkyl: for example, 4H-pyran-4-one, 3-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2H-pyran-2-one, and 5-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one;

(G) quinolin-2(1H)-one, or quinoline-1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted alkyl: for example, quinolin-2(1H)-one, 6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one, quinoline-1-oxide, and 4-methylquinoline-1-oxide;

(H) pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl: for example, pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, and pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, and the like.

Examples of tautomer of the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I) include tautomers for the aforementioned heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group as R², and specifically, 2-pyridone (lactam) as R² and the corresponding 2-hydroxypyridine (lactim) can be mentioned as such an example.

As for the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, preferred examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable acid include acid addition salts, and examples of acid addition salts include salts with an inorganic acid or organic acid such as hydrochloride, sulfate, fumarate, oxalate, methanesulfonate, and camphorsulfonate.

As for the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, examples of the stereoisomer include cis-and trans-isomers, racemates, optically active compounds, and the like.

As for the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof, the solvate is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the compound of the present invention or a salt thereof, and includes hydrate.

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof may be chemically modified into such a prodrug that it is converted into a pharmacologically active substance and exhibits the pharmacological activity (being activated) after it is delivered into the inside of the body or a target site.

Examples of group for constituting such a prodrug include, for example, common protective groups of hydroxy group such as a lower acyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group for the case where the group constituting a prodrug exists on hydroxy group, common protective groups of amino group such as a lower acyl group and a lower alkoxycarbonyl group for the case where the group constituting a prodrug exists on nitrogen atom, prodrug groups introduced into a carboxylic acid moiety such as pivaloyloxymethyl (tBu-C(O)O—CH₂—) group, medoxomil group, and cilexetil group, and the like.

An atom contained in the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof may be replaced with a stable isotope such as deuterium.

Hereafter, methods for preparing the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof will be shown below.

The abbreviations used herein are as follows.

-   Abbreviation table -   Boc: Tert-butoxycarbonyl -   CPM: Cyclopropylmethyl -   DMA: N,N-Dimethylacetamide -   DMAP: N,N-Dimethyl-4-aminopyridine -   DMF: N,N-Dimethylformamide -   DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide -   HATU:     1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium     3-oxide hexafluorophosphate -   HOAt: 1-Hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole -   HOBT: 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole -   Me: Methyl -   Ms: Mesyl -   Ph: Phenyl -   TBS: tert-Butyldimethylsilyl -   THF: Tetrahydrofuran -   TLC: Thin layer chromatography -   Ts: Tosyl -   WSC: 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride

(Preparation Methods)

Compounds Provided by the Present Invention that are Compounds Represented by the Aforementioned General Formula (I) wherein R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are Hydrogens

The following compound (I) that is a compound provided by the present invention can be obtained by, for example, a deprotection reaction for converting the following compound (I-A) into the compound (I).

[In the formulas, R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), and R^(4a) are arbitrary functional groups that can be converted into R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ in the aforementioned general formula (I) by a deprotection reaction, respectively, or R^(1a) itself may be R¹, R^(2a) itself may be R², R^(3a) itself may be R³, and R^(4a) itself may be R⁴. The other symbols have the same meanings as those defined above.]

In the aforementioned preparation method, the aforementioned compound (I) can be prepared by performing an appropriate known general deprotection reaction as required to convert R^(1a) of the aforementioned compound (I-A) into R¹, R^(2a) of the same into R², R^(3a) of the same into R³, or R^(4a) of the same into R⁴. For example, when R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), or R^(4a) in the aforementioned compound (I-A) contains hydroxy group protected with methyl group, the methyl group as the protective group can be removed by (1) a method of allowing boron tribromide to act on the aforementioned compound (I-A) in dichloromethane, or (2) a method of heating the aforementioned compound (I-A) together with a large excess amount of pyridine hydrochloride in the absence of solvent, and thereby the aforementioned compound (I) can be prepared.

When R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), or R^(4a) in the aforementioned compound (I-A) contains hydroxy group protected with tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) group, the TBS group as the protective group can be removed by (3) a method of allowing ammonia dissolved in an appropriate solvent to act on the aforementioned compound (I-A), (4) a method of allowing hydrogen chloride dissolved in an appropriate solvent to act on the aforementioned compound (I-A), or (5) a method of allowing tetrabutylammonium fluoride to act on the aforementioned compound (I-A) in THF, or the like, and thereby the aforementioned compound (I) can be prepared.

When R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), or R^(4a) contains a functional group protected with another protective group, the aforementioned compound (I) can be prepared from the aforementioned compound (I-A) under the general deprotection conditions such as those explained in Peter G.M. Wuts, “Green's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (5th edition, A John Wiley & Son's, Inc., Publication).

When R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), and R^(4a) have different protective groups, and they must be removed under different conditions, deprotection reactions may be successively performed under different conditions suitable for removing the protective groups as a multi-step deprotection reaction to prepare the aforementioned compound (I) from the aforementioned compound (I-A).

The aforementioned compound (I-A) can be obtained by, for example, performing a general acylation reaction for the following compound (I-B) mentioned in the reaction formula shown below.

[In the formulas, R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), and R^(4a) are arbitrary functional groups that can be converted into R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ in the aforementioned general formula (I) by a deprotection reaction, respectively, or R^(1a) itself may be R¹, R^(2a) itself may be R², R^(3a) itself may be R³, and R^(4a) itself may be R⁴. L¹ represents a leaving group of a common acylating agent. The other symbols have the same meanings as those defined above.]

In the aforementioned preparation method, the aforementioned compound (I-A) can be obtained by reacting the aforementioned compound (I-B), a carboxylic acid (R^(2a)COOH), and a condensing agent such as HATU and WSC in the presence of an additive such as HOBT and DMAP, and a base such as triethylamine and diisopropylethylamine, as required.

The aforementioned compound (I-A) can also be obtained by reacting the aforementioned compound (I-B), a carboxylic acid chloride (R^(2a)COCl, L¹ in the formula ═Cl) or a carboxylic anhydride (L¹ in the formula ═—OC(O)R^(2a)) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, and pyridine.

When R^(3a) is hydroxy group (OH), in the acylation reaction mentioned in the above reaction formula, acylation of hydroxy group of R^(3a) also progresses as a side reaction in addition to the desired amidation reaction, and a product corresponding to the aforementioned compound (I-A) wherein R^(3a)═—OC(O)R^(2a) is temporarily obtained as a by-product in the reaction system. However, by treating the reaction solution with a 2 N ammonia solution in methanol or the like, such a compound is converted again into a compound where R^(3a)═OH in a post-treatment process, and the aforementioned compound (I-A) resulting from selective amidation of the secondary amine in the aforementioned compound (I-B) can be obtained as a result.

In addition, the aforementioned compound (I-A) can also be synthesized from the aforementioned compound (I-B) and a corresponding carboxylic acid (R^(2a)—COOH) according to the condensation reaction explained in Christian A. G. N. Montalbetti, et al., Tetrahedron, 61(46), 2005, 10827-10852.

A desired compound (I-A) can be synthesized by using, for example, the compounds described in WO2013/035833 such as compound 8 (Example 4, R^(1a)=CPM, X═O, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 33 (Example 29, R^(1a)=Me, X═O, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 67 (Example 60, R^(1a)=CPM, X═O, R^(3a)═H, R^(4a)═OH), compound 77 (Example 67, R^(1a)=CPM, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 116 (Example 101, R^(1a)=CPM, X═CH₂, R^(3a)═H, R^(4a)═OH), compound 130 (Example 106, R^(1a)═PhCF₂CH₂, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 185 (Example 143, R^(1a)=TBSOCH₂CH₂, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 189 (Example 144, R^(1a)═(R)-MeCH(OH)CH₂, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 350 (Example 261, R^(1a)═(S)-MeCH(OH)CH₂, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 291 (Example 224, R^(1a)=CPM, X═CH₂, R^(3a)═H, R^(4a)=OMe), and compound 297 (Example 228, R^(1a)=CPM, X═CH₂, R^(3a)═H, R^(4a)═H), and the compounds described in WO2014/136305 such as compound 29 (Example 27, R^(1a)=BocNHCH₂CH₂, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OTBS, R^(4a)═H), and compound 68 (Example 34, R^(1a)=Boc, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H) as the aforementioned compound (I-B), or by a combination of a known conversion of functional group and deprotection reaction performed by a method described in the aforementioned patent documents.

The following compound (I-A) can also be obtained by, for example, a common alkylation reaction of the following compound (I-C) mentioned in the reaction formula shown below.

[In the formulas, R^(1a), R^(2a), R^(3a), and R^(4a) are arbitrary functional groups that can be converted into R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ in the aforementioned general formula (I) by a deprotection reaction, respectively, or R^(1a) itself may be R¹, R^(2a) itself may be R², R^(3a) itself may be R³, and R^(4a) itself may be R⁴. L² represents a leaving group for a common alkylating reaction, R^(1′a) represents such a substituent that R^(1′a)—CH₂═R^(1a) is satisfied, and the other symbols have the same meanings as those defined above.]

In the aforementioned preparation method, the aforementioned compound (I-A) can be synthesized by allowing a corresponding aldehyde (R^(1′a)—CHO, R^(1′a) represents such a substituent that R^(1′a)—CH₂═R^(1a) is satisfied), and a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride to act on the aforementioned compound (I-C) in an appropriate solvent in the presence of an additive such as acetic acid as required.

The aforementioned compound (I-A) can also be synthesized by allowing a corresponding alkylating agent (R^(1a)-L², L² represents an appropriate leaving group, for example, halogen such as Cl, Br, and I, OMs, or OTs) to act on the aforementioned compound (I-C) in a polar solvent such as DMF or an alcohol in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate.

In addition, the method for introducing the R^(1a) group into the aforementioned compound (I-C) is not limited to the reactions described above, and by using a known general alkyl group introduction reaction for amino group, which may be a multi-step reaction, the aforementioned compound (I-A) can be prepared from the aforementioned compound (I-C).

The aforementioned compound (I-C) can be synthesized by a combination of known functional group conversion and deprotection reaction of an appropriate starting material described in any of the aforementioned references according to a method similar to any of the synthesis methods of, for example, the compounds described in WO2013/035833 such as compound 11 (Example 7, R^(2a)═Ph, X═O, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 81 (Example 71, R^(2a)=Ph, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 121 (Example 104, R^(2a)=Ph, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OTBS, R^(4a)═H), compound 149 (Example 120, R^(2a)=2-pyridil, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), compound 116 (Example 101, R^(1a)=CPM, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H), and compound 217 (Example 163, R^(2a)═CF₃, X═CH₂, R^(3a)=OMe, R^(4a)═H).

The compounds represented by the aforementioned general formula (I) of the other types as the compounds provided by the present invention can also be prepared by a combination of any of the aforementioned preparation methods, methods described in the examples mentioned later, and those described in Patent documents 4 to 6, Non-patent document 1, and the like.

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof shows superior agonistic activity and selectivity for the opioid δ receptor rather than the opioid μ and κ receptors. Therefore, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof can be used for a pharmaceutical composition that exhibits an opioid δ receptor agonistic activity.

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof shows only weak inhibitory action against the hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) potassium channel. Therefore, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof can be used for a pharmaceutical composition of which risks for retarding the ventricular repolarization and prolonging the QT interval in humans are low.

Further, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof shows superior stability against the metabolism by human hepatic microsomes. Therefore, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof can be used for a pharmaceutical composition for oral administration.

Moreover, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof intracerebrally acts in animal models of depression, anxiety, etc., and shows efficacies thereof. Therefore, they are considered to show good intracerebral migration.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is orally or parenterally administered to human or other mammals, and examples of parenteral administration include intravenous administration, subcutaneous administration, intramuscular administration, intraarticular administration, transmucosal administration, transdermal administration, pernasal administration, rectal administration, and intraspinal administration.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be prepared by mixing the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for example, an excipient (for example, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose, and glucose), binder (for example, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), gelatin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), lubricant (for example, magnesium stearate, and talc), disintegrating agent (for example, starch, and carboxymethylcellulose calcium (CMC-Ca)), diluent (for example, water for injection, and physiological saline), and if necessary, an additive (for example, pH adjustor, surfactant, solubilizing agent, preservative, emulsifier, isotonic agent, and stabilizer), and may be a pharmaceutical preparation in the form of tablet, granule, powder, capsule, suspension, injection, suppository, or the like. For example, when the pharmaceutical composition is prepared as a tablet, it may be prepared by mixing the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof with an excipient, (for example, lactose, D-mannitol, crystalline cellulose, and glucose), disintegrating agent (for example, starch, and carboxymethylcellulose calcium (CMC-Ca)), binder (for example, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), gelatin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)), lubricant (for example, magnesium stearate, and talc), and the like. For example, when the pharmaceutical composition is prepared as an injection, it may be prepared by mixing the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof with a dispersing agent (for example, surfactants such as Tween 80, polysaccharides such as carboxymethylcellulose, sodium arginine and hyaluronic acid, and polysorbate), preservative (for example, methylparaben, and propylparaben), isotonic agent (for example, sodium chloride, mannitol, sorbitol, and glucose), pH adjustor (for example, sodium phosphate, and potassium phosphate), and the like.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can contain the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof in an amount effective for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of an opioid δ receptor-related disease (for example, headache).

The dose of the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof may be appropriately determined depending on type of salt, administration method, symptoms and age of the object of administration, and the like. For example, the compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof may be administered to a human at a dose of 1 μg to 10 g/day, preferably 0.01 to 2000 mg/day, more preferably 0.1 to 100 mg/day, in the case of oral administration, or at a dose of 0.1 μg to 1 g/day, preferably 0.001 to 200 mg/day, in the case of intravenous administration. The daily dose may be administered by 1 to 3 times per day of administration of the whole daily dose or divided portions thereof.

The compound represented by the aforementioned general formula (I), a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof can be used together with another medicament (for example, an analgesic (for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and antidepressive and anxiolytic drug (for example, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)). Such a combinatory use may be attained by simultaneous administration (for example, administration of mixed agent), or separate successive administrations or administrations with desired time interval (for example, administrations of separately prepared formulations).

As used herein, the opioid δ receptor-related diseases are diseases that can be therapeutically or prophylactically treated with an opioid δ receptor agonist, which include, but not limited to, such diseases as mentioned below: depression, anxiety, pain (for example, headache, and fibromyalgia), glaucoma, urinary incontinence, myocardial ischemia, brain ischemia, chronic coughing, hypertension, drug dependence, alcohol dependence, gastritis, prospermia, diarrhea, functional gastrointestinal disturbance, and neurodegenerative diseases (for example, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be used for therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of depression or anxiety, and can be used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for psychiatric disorders (antidepressant, anxiolytic drug, etc.), which are included in depressive disorders, anxiety disorders (for example, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder), bipolar disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma-and stressor-related disorders (for example, posttraumatic stress disorder), and the like described in DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, American Psychiatric Association), or as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for urinary incontinence, myocardial ischemia, brain ischemia, chronic coughing, hypertension, drug dependence, alcohol dependence, gastritis, prospermia, diarrhea, functional gastrointestinal disturbance, and neurodegenerative diseases (for example, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease).

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic treatment of depression, and is a pharmaceutical composition that exhibits rapid efficacy (onset). In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic treatment of depression, and is a pharmaceutical composition that does not induce tolerance through continuous administration. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for depression as a symptom associated with Alzheimer's disease.

As described in IOVS, March 2013, Vol. 54, No. 3; J. Neurochem. (2009) 108, 741-754; and the like, use of opioid δ receptor agonists for glaucoma has been proposed. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention can be used as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent of glaucoma.

As used herein, depression may be a condition accompanied by a mood disorder such as depressed feeling, sad feeling, and lonely feeling, activity avolition, delayed thinking, pessimistic idea, and autonomic nerve disorder such as sleep disturbance and anorexia. As used herein, anxiety may be a condition where one feels sense of danger or fear accompanied by unrest, strain, tachycardia, breathing difficulty, etc. in spite of absence of connection with clearly confirmable stimulus. The symptoms or conditions of depression and anxiety include the depression and anxiety symptoms observed in the psychiatric disorders described in DSM-5 mentioned above (for example, the depression symptoms observed in the bipolar disorders, and depression and anxiety symptoms observed in PTSD), depression conditions milder than the symptoms of the depressive disorders described in DSM-5, but persistent to a certain extent, and anxiety conditions milder than the symptoms of the anxiety disorders described in DSM-5, but persistent to a certain extent.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is useful for therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of all types of pains as an analgesic.

Although there are various classifications of pains, pains are divided into acute pains and chronic pains from the aspects of period and property thereof. Acute pains are the most important biological signals for intensity and range of damages, and examples of acute pain include nociceptive pain caused by an algesic substance released due to tissue damages, inflammation, etc., and eliminated with healing of the damages. Chronic pains are pains maintained over a period exceeding the reasonable period of time required for usual progress of an acute disease or wound healing, and examples of chronic pain include neuropathic pains such as postherpetic pain and pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, and fibromyalgia. From the aspect of the cause, pains are divided into nociceptive pains, neuropathic pains, and psychogenic pains. Examples of the nociceptive pain include periarthritis scapulohumeralis, tenosynovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, headache, dentalgia, bruise, incised wound, and the like. The neuropathic pains are pains caused by nerve damages, and examples include peripheral neuropathic pains such as postherpetic pain, pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, sciatica, and pain associated with peripheral neuropathy caused by intake of an anticancer drug, and central neuropathic pains such as postapoplectic pain, post-spinal cord injury pain, and pain associated with multiple sclerosis. The psychogenic pains are pains caused by psychosocial factors such as anxiety and stress caused by social life.

Specific examples of pain and disease accompanied by a pain, of which the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is useful for, include: phantom limb pain, stump pain, complex regional pain syndrome, polyneuropathy, pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, pain caused by HIV infection, paraneoplastic pain, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, occipital neuralgia, nerve-root damage, nerve plexus damage, postoperative scar syndrome, visceral pain, burn (including sun burn), anginal pain, myelomere or intercostal neuralgia, pain caused by chemotherapy-induced nerve damage, pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis, pain associated with osteoarthritis, headache, migraine, orofacial pain, dentalgia, glossodynia, pain associated with temporomandibular arthrosis, trigeminal neuralgia, omalgia, pain associated with intervertebral disc herniation, pain associated with cervical spondylosis, pain associated with spinal column stenosis, pain associated with thoracic outlet syndrome, pain associated with brachial plexus traction syndrome, shoulder hand syndrome, pain associated with whiplash, chest pain, abdominal pain, celialgia, pain associated with cholelithiasis, pain associated with pancreatitis, urolithiasis, pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome, waist back pain, sciatica, pain associated with fracture, pain associated with osteoporosis, arthralgia, pain associated with gout, pain associated with cauda equina syndrome, pain associated with obliterans ankylosing spondylitis, muscular pain, cramp, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, pain associated with arteriosclerosis obliterans, pain associated with Buerger's disease, pain associated with Raynaud's phenomenon, postherpetic pain, causalgia, pain associated with entrapment syndrome, pain associated with carpal tunnel syndrome, pain associated with diabetes, pain associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome, pain associated with Hansen's disease, pain associated with chemotherapy, pain associated with radiotherapy, post-spinal cord injury pain, pain associated with syringomyelia, postapoplectic pain (including thalamic pain), deafferentation pain, sympathetic nerve-dependent pain, ABC syndrome, multiple sclerosis, pain associated with skin disease, cancerous pain, operative pain, postoperative pain, pain associated with traumatic injury, pain associated with gangrene, pain associated with somatoform disorder, pain associated with somatisation disorder, pain associated with depression, pain associated with Parkinson's disease, pain of knee joint, pain associated with arthritis, menstrual pain, intermenstrual pain, labor pain, delivery pain, inflammatory pain, nociceptive pain, psychogenic pain, overactive bladder, cystitis, prostatitis, prostatic pain, and low back pain.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is preferably used for therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic pain, post-spinal cord injury pain, postapoplectic pain, pain associated with multiple sclerosis, pain associated with chronic lumbago, fibromyalgia, and headache. Headache includes chronic headache and acute headache, and headache is preferably migraine, for example, transient migraine (episodic migraine) or migraine with aura. The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is also useful for therapeutic treatment of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety associated with headache.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention has antidepressive and/or anxiolytic effect, and accordingly, it is also useful for relief of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety associated with pain, in addition to the remission and/or amelioration of aforementioned pain. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety associated with pain.

For example, fibromyalgia imposes intolerable systemic chronic pain as the core symptom, and is accompanied by affective disorders such as depression and anxiety as accessory symptoms. In addition to the remission and/or amelioration of pain associated with fibromyalgia, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is also useful for relief of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety associated with the pain. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of symptoms of depression and/or anxiety associated with fibromyalgia.

The pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention is also useful for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of the core symptoms of Parkinson's disease and overactive bladder, and in addition, it is also effective for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain associated with these diseases. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention may be a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain associated with Parkinson's disease or overactive bladder.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of any of the diseases mentioned above, which comprises administering the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides use of the pharmaceutical composition provided by the present invention for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of any of the diseases mentioned above.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of any of the diseases mentioned above, which comprises administering the compound according to any one of (1) to (58) mentioned above.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides use of the compound according to any one of (1) to (58) mentioned above for manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of any of the diseases mentioned above.

The present invention also provides the following embodiments 1) to 88):

-   1)

A method for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain or a disease accompanied by a pain in a mammalian subject (for example, human) in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵ which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

-   2)

The method according to 1), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, headache, fibromyalgia, post-spinal cord injury pain, postapoplectic pain (including thalamic pain), multiple sclerosis, postoperative pain, or low back pain.

-   3)

The method according to 1) or 2), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is headache.

-   4)

The method according to 3), wherein the headache is migraine.

-   5)

The method according to 3) or 4), wherein the headache is episodic migraine or migraine with aura.

-   6)

The method according to 1) or 2), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is fibromyalgia.

-   7)

A method for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of depression or anxiety associated with a pain in a mammalian subject (for example, human) in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by the general formula (I)

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

-   8)

The method according to 7), wherein the depression or anxiety associated with a pain is depression or anxiety associated with headache, or depression or anxiety associated with fibromyalgia.

-   9)

Use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof for use in therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain or a disease accompanied by a pain.

-   10)

The use according to 9), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, headache, fibromyalgia, post-spinal cord injury pain, postapoplectic pain (including thalamic pain), multiple sclerosis, postoperative pain, or low back pain.

-   11)

The use according to 9) or 10), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is headache.

-   12)

The use according to 11), wherein the headache is migraine.

-   13)

The use according to 11) or 12), wherein the headache is episodic migraine or migraine with aura.

-   14)

The use according to 9) or 10), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is fibromyalgia.

-   15)

Use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵ which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof for use in therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of depression or anxiety associated with a pain.

-   16)

The use according to 15), wherein the depression or anxiety associated with a pain is depression or anxiety associated with headache, or depression or anxiety associated with fibromyalgia.

-   17)

Use of a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof for manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain or a disease accompanied by a pain.

-   18)

The use according to 17), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, headache, fibromyalgia, post-spinal cord injury pain, postapoplectic pain (including thalamic pain), multiple sclerosis, postoperative pain, or low back pain.

-   19)

The use according to 17) or 18), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is headache.

-   20)

The use according to 19), wherein the headache is migraine.

-   21)

The use according to 19) or 20), wherein the headache is episodic migraine or migraine with aura.

-   22)

The use according to 17) or 18), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is fibromyalgia.

-   23)

Use of a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵ which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof for manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of depression or anxiety associated with a pain.

-   24)

The use according to 23), wherein the depression or anxiety associated with a pain is depression or anxiety associated with headache, or depression or anxiety associated with fibromyalgia.

-   25)

A pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a pain or a disease accompanied by a pain, which contains a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵ which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

-   26)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 25), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, headache, fibromyalgia, post-spinal cord injury pain, postapoplectic pain (including thalamic pain), multiple sclerosis, postoperative pain, or low back pain.

-   27)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 25) or 26), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is headache.

-   28)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 27), wherein the headache is migraine.

-   29)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 27) or 28), wherein the headache is episodic migraine or migraine with aura.

-   30)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 25) or 26), wherein the pain or the disease accompanied by a pain is fibromyalgia.

-   31)

A pharmaceutical composition for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of depression or anxiety associated with a pain, which contains a compound represented by the general formula (I):

(wherein R¹ represents hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; or heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² represents heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom of R²,

R³, R⁴, and R⁵, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; nitro; amino; C₁₋₈ alkylamino; C₆₋₁₀ arylamino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

R^(6a) and R^(6b), which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy, or R^(6a) and R^(6b) combine together to represent ═O,

R⁷ and R⁸, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; fluorine; or hydroxy,

R⁹ and R¹⁰, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₆₋₁₀ aryl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or C₂₋₆ alkenyl,

X represents O or CH₂, and

Y represents C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ arylamino as R³, R⁴, or R⁵; the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰; and the heteroaryl moiety of the heteroarylalkyl where the heteroaryl moiety contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R⁹ or R¹⁰ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, the substituents that the C₆₋₁₀ aryl as R¹ mentioned above may have,

when R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, it may be substituted with NR¹¹R¹², where R¹¹ and R¹², which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or R¹¹, R¹², the nitrogen atom to which R¹¹ and R¹² bind, and optionally, 1 or 2 heteroatoms may combine together to form a 5- to 7-membered ring, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens),

a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof.

-   32)

The pharmaceutical composition according to 31), wherein the depression or anxiety associated with a pain is depression or anxiety associated with headache, or depression or anxiety associated with fibromyalgia.

-   33)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   34)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 33), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   35)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; or C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with C₁₋₆ alkoxy.

-   36)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is allyl, fluoropropyl, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, or 2-(aminosulfonyl)ethyl.

-   37)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 36), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group; or a heterocyclic ring consisting of the foregoing heterocyclic ring and a benzene ring condensed thereto.

-   38)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridine 1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   39)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of any one of 1) to 38), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridine 1-oxide.

-   40)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   41)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 40), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one; 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one; or 6-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one.

-   42)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   43)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 42), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, or 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one.

-   44)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   45)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 44), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one.

-   46)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   47)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 46), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one.

-   48)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   49)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 48), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one.

-   50)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   51)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 50), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one.

-   52)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   53)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 37), and 52), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

-   54)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 53), wherein, in the general formula (I), X is CH₂.

-   55)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 54), wherein, in the general formula (I), one of R³ and R⁴ is hydroxy, and the other is hydrogen.

-   56)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 54), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R⁴ is hydrogen or hydroxy, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   57)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 54), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is hydroxy; carbamoyl; or C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy, R⁴ is hydrogen, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   58)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 54), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is hydroxy, R⁴ is hydrogen, and R⁵ is hydrogen.

-   59)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 54), wherein, in the general formula (I), all of R³, R⁴, and R⁵ are hydrogens.

-   60)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 59), wherein, in the general formula (I), all of R^(6a), R^(6b), R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are hydrogens.

-   61)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), wherein:

R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, and R¹⁰ are hydrogens,

R¹ is hydrogen; C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₂₋₆ alkenyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms,

R² is a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and at least one carbon atom as ring-constituting atoms, containing at least one set of adjacent ring-constituting atoms bound by a double bond, and further substituted with at least one oxo group, or a heterocyclic ring consisting of the foregoing heterocyclic ring and a benzene ring condensed thereto,

R² binds to Y via a carbon atom of R² as a ring-constituting atom,

R³ and R⁴, which are the same or different, represent hydrogen; hydroxy; halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms,

X is CH₂, and

Y is C(═O),

provided that the C₁₋₆ alkyl as R¹; the alkylene moiety and cycloalkyl moiety of the cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

1 to 6 halogens; hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyl; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; carboxyl; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylsulfonyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aminosulfonyl; alkylsulfinyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; alkylthio where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; and arylcarbonyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹; and the aryl moiety of the C₆₋₁₀ aryloxy as R³ or R⁴ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from

C₁₋₆ alkyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; hydroxy; alkoxycarbonyl where the alkoxy moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; carbamoyl; alkylcarbamoyl where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; dialkylcarbamoyl where each alkyl moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; halogen; nitro; cyano; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; C₁₋₆ alkoxy substituted with 1 to 3 halogens; phenyl; heteroaryl containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S as ring-constituting atoms; phenoxy; phenylalkyl where the alkyl has 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and methylenedioxy,

the heterocyclic ring as R² may have, besides the oxo group, at least one of the substituents which the aryl moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may have, and

the alkylene moiety of the aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms as R¹ may be substituted with at least one substituent selected from phenyl, and C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 halogens.

-   62)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is C₁₋₆ alkyl; cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or aralkyl where the aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   63)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61), and 62), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is cycloalkylalkyl where the cycloalkyl moiety has 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and the alkylene moiety has 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

-   64)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with hydroxy; C₁₋₆ alkyl substituted with 1 to 6 halogens; or C₂₋₆ alkyl substituted with C₁₋₆ alkoxy.

-   65)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61), wherein, in the general formula (I), R¹ is allyl, fluoropropyl, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl, or 2-(aminosulfonyl)ethyl.

-   66)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 65), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridine 1-oxide, pyridin-2(1H)-one, pyridin-4(1H)-one, pyridazin-3(2H)-one, pyrazin-2(1H)-one, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2H-pyran-2-one, quinolin-2(1H)-one, pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with a substituent selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   67)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridine 1-oxide, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   68)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 67), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridine 1-oxide.

-   69)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   70)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-2(1H)-one; 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one; or 6-(C₁₋₆ alky)pyridin-2(1H)-one.

-   71)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 4 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   72)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridin-4(1H)-one, or 1-(C₁₋₆ alkyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one.

-   73)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   74)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61) to 66), and 73), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyridazin-3(2H)-one.

-   75)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   76)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61) to 66), and 75), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrazin-2(1H)-one.

-   77)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   78)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61) to 66), and 77), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is 4H-pyran-4-one, or 2H-pyran-2-one.

-   79)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   80)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61) to 66), and 79), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is quinolin-2(1H)-one.

-   81)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 66), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms, and unsubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

-   82)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), 61) to 66), and 81), wherein, in the general formula (I), R² is pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, or pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

-   83)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 82), wherein, in the general formula (I), one of R³ and R⁴ is hydroxy, and the other is hydrogen.

-   84)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 82), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is halogen; cyano; carbamoyl; C₁₋₆ alkoxy; C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy; amino; or acylamino where the acyl moiety has 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and R⁴ is hydrogen or hydroxy.

-   85)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 82), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is hydroxy; carbamoyl; or C₁₋₆ alkanoyloxy, and R⁴ is hydrogen.

-   86)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 82), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ is hydroxy, and R⁴ is hydrogen.

-   87)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), and 61) to 82), wherein, in the general formula (I), R³ and R⁴ are hydrogens.

-   88)

The method, use, or composition according to any one of 1) to 32), wherein the compound represented by the general formula (I) is a compound selected from:

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one,

4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-2H-pyran-2-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-4H-pyran-4-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-4(1H)-one,

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one,

2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-acetoxy-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one,

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, and

5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one.

Hereafter, the present invention will be further explained in more detail with reference to reference examples and examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Names of the compounds mentioned in the examples and reference examples are obtained by converting structural formulas depicted with ChemDraw ver. 14, Cambridge Software into English compound names with a naming algorithm of the same software, and translating them into Japanese names.

The NMR data and the measured values of mass spectrometry (ESI+ or ESI−) of Examples 1 to 34 are shown in Tables 1 to 5.

EXAMPLES

Reference Example 1-1

Synthesis of (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol

To a 300-mL round bottom flask, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole (372 mg, 1.02 mmol) synthesized according to the method of WO2013/035833, Example 67 was added, and dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL), the solution was vigorously stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes, then a 1.0 M solution of boron tribromide in dichloromethane (5 mL, 5 mmol) was added to the solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. To the reaction solution, methanol (10 mL) was added at 0° C., and the resulting mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour.

The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was suspended in chloroform (50 mL), and washed with 6% aqueous ammonia (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted twice with chloroform (30 mL), the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (356 mg, 100%) as brown foam.

[Alternative Method]

To a 500-mL round bottom flask, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole (3.58 g, 9.82 mmol) synthesized according to the method of WO2013/035833, Example 67, and pyridine hydrochloride (87 g, 753 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 200° C. for 1 hour. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was returned to room temperature, saturated aqueous potassium carbonate was added to the produced solid to dissolve it, the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and chloroform, and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (3.30 g, 96%) as brown foam.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.94 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.70 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 2.8 Hz), 6.50 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 3.73-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.99 (m, 4H), 2.55 (dd, 1H, J=11.0, 5.0 Hz), 2.31 (d, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 1.91-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 3H), 0.93-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.77-0.83 (m, 1H), 0.42-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.14 (m, 2H)

Reference Example 1-2 Synthesis of (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole

To a 200-mL round bottom flask, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (694 mg, 1.98 mmol) synthesized according to the method of Reference Example 1-1 was added, and dissolved in DMF (20 mL), imidazole (241 mg, 3.54 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (498 mg, 3.31 mmol) were added to the solution at room temperature, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Since it was confirmed that the starting material remained in the reaction solution, imidazole (529 mg, 7.77 mmol) and tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (503 mg, 3.34 mmol) were added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. To the reaction solution, water (150 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was extracted with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and hexane (1:1, 100 mL). 6% Aqueous ammonia (30 mL) was added to the aqueous layer to make it basic, and then the resulting mixture was extracted twice with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and hexane (1:1, 100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, then the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, 25 g) using methanol/chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 50%) and then methanol containing 10% concentrated aqueous ammonia/chloroform (concentration gradient, 20 to 50%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (456 mg, 50%) as yellow syrup, and obtain the starting material, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (265 mg, 38%).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.94 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.65 (d, 1H, J=2.8 Hz), 6.59 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 2.8 Hz), 3.49-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.33 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 7.8 Hz), 3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.77-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.71 (t, 1H, J=7.3 Hz), 2.51-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.30 (d, 2H, J=6.4 Hz), 1.90-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.43 (m, 1H), 0.91-1.13 (m, 14H), 0.77-0.83 (m, 1H), 0.42-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.16 (s, 6H), 0.08-0.10 (m, 2H)

Example 1 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (31 mg, 87 μmol) synthesized in Reference Example 1, 2-carboxypyridine 1-oxide (32 mg, 0.23 mmol), and HATU (125 mg, 0.33 mmol) were added, and suspended in THF (1.5 mL), then triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol) and DMA (200 μL) were added to the suspension, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. To the reaction mixture, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol (2 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, and the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 50%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (18 mg, 44%) as white solid.

Example 2 Synthesis of 4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (36 mg, 0.10 mmol), 4-carboxypyridine 1-oxide(42 mg, 0.30 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (108 mg, 0.28 mmol) were reacted. The reaction solution was directly subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate containing 5% triethylamine (concentration gradient, 10 to 50%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained syrup was dissolved in methanol, then powdered by adding chloroform and tert-butyl methyl ether to the solution, and then collected by filtration to obtain the title compound (30 mg, 62%) as weakly brown solid.

Example 3 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (39 mg, 0.11 mmol), 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (39 mg, 0.28 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (130 mg, 0.34 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was directly subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate containing 5% triethylamine (concentration gradient, 10 to 50%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained residue was powdered from 6% aqueous ammonia to obtain the title compound (13 mg, 25%) as pale yellow powder.

Example 4 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (34 mg, 97 μmol), 3-carboxypyridine 1-oxide (40 mg, 0.29 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (125 mg, 0.33 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was directly subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 25 g) using a 0.1 N solution of ammonia in methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 50%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained syrup was dissolved in methanol, then powdered by adding tert-butyl methyl ether to the solution, and then collected by filtration to obtain the title compound (14 mg, 31%) as weakly brown amorphous substance.

Example 5 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (34 mg, 96 μmol), 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (40 mg, 0.29 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (132 mg, 0.35 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was directly subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using a 0.1 N solution of ammonia in methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 1 to 50%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. In order to eliminate impurities, the obtained compound was suspended in chloroform, and then the suspension was washed with 6% aqueous ammonia. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform, then the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (14 mg, 30%) as pale yellow powder.

Reference Example 2 Synthesis of 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

This compound was synthesized by a method similar to the method described in WO2006/107254.

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (500 mg, 3.59 mmol) was added, and suspended in methanol (5 mL) and water (0.8 mL), then potassium hydroxide (400 mg, 7.13 mmol) was added to the suspension, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 15 minutes. The reaction solution was returned to room temperature, iodomethane (2.6 mL, 41.8 mmol) was added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 45 minutes, and then concentrated under reduced pressure until the solvent volume was reduced by half. To the reaction solution, 3 N hydrochloric acid (20 mL) was added, and the produced solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and acetonitrile, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (64.9 mg, 12%) as white powder.

¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.43 (dd, 1H, J=6.9, 2.3 Hz), 8.05 (dd, 1H, J=6.9, 2.3 Hz), 6.65 (t, 1H, J=6.9 Hz), 3.70 (s, 3H)

Example 6 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (30 mg, 86 μmol), 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (29 mg, 0.19 mmol) synthesized in Reference Example 2, diisopropylethylamine (75 μL, 0.43 mmol), and HATU (72 mg, 0.19 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, then the suspension was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol and chloroform (concentration, 5%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (26.2 mg, 63%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Example 7 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (66 mg, 0.19 mmol), 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (83 mg, 0.59 mmol), triethylamine (150 μL, 1.10 mmol), and HATU (262 mg, 0.69 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was directly subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained syrup was dissolved in methanol, and powdered by adding tert-butyl methyl ether to the solution to obtain the title compound (83 mg, 94%) as brown solid.

Example 8 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (19 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that DMF was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to preparative TLC using a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol and chloroform (concentration, 10%) as the developing solvent, and thereby purified. Then, in order to eliminate impurities, the obtained solid was further suspended in saturated aqueous potassium carbonate, and then extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the inorganic matter was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound. The obtained compound was given as a hydrochloride salt according to Example 32 for use in the biological activity test.

Example 9 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (30 mg, 86 μmol), 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (29 mg, 0.19 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (75 μL, 0.43 mmol), and HATU (72 mg, 0.19 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 10%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (31.1 mg, 75%) as white amorphous substance.

Reference Example 3 Synthesis of 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (500 mg, 3.59 mmol) was added, and suspended in methanol (5 mL) and water (0.8 mL), then potassium hydroxide (400 mg, 7.13 mmol) was added to the suspension, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 15 minutes. The reaction solution was returned to room temperature, iodomethane (2.6 mL, 41.8 mmol) was added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 1 hour, and then concentrated under reduced pressure until the solvent volume was reduced by half. To the reaction solution, 3 N hydrochloric acid was added, and the produced solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and acetonitrile, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (339 mg, 62%) as white powder.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 7.45 (dd, 1H, J=9.2, 6.9 Hz), 6.72 (dd, 1H, J=6.9, 1.4 Hz), 6.59 (dd, 1H, J=9.2, 1.4 Hz), 3.51 (s, 3H)

Example 10 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (30 mg, 86 μmol), 1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (29 mg, 0.19 mmol) synthesized according to the method of Reference Example 3, diisopropylethylamine (75 μL, 0.43 mmol), and HATU (72 mg, 0.19 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 10%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (32.7 mg, 79%) as white amorphous substance.

Example 11 Synthesis of 4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (54 mg, 0.15 mmol), 2-methoxyisonicotinic acid (54 mg, 0.35 mmol), triethylamine (140 μL, 1.00 mmol), and HATU (195 mg, 0.51 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in chloroform, and then the suspension was washed with 6% aqueous ammonia. The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using methanol containing 10% concentrated aqueous ammonia and chloroform as the elution solvent to obtain ((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-3-yl)(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methanone (61 mg, 82%) as white solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, 0.6H, J=6.0 Hz), 8.15 (d, 0.4H, J=5.0 Hz), 6.88-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, 0.6H), 6.74 (s, 0.4H), 6.64 (d, 0.6H, J=2.8 Hz), 6.56 (dd, 0.6H, J=8.2, 2.3 Hz), 6.45-6.51 (m, 0.8H), 4.06-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.92 (s, 1.8H), 3.88 (s, 1.2H), 3.64-3.69 (m, 0.6H), 3.43-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.82-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.31 (m, 2H), 1.88-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.57 (m, 1.6H), 1.02-1.23 (m, 2.4H), 0.75-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.49 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.14 (m, 2H)

To a 100-mL round bottom flask, ((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-3-yl)(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)methanone obtained above (48 mg, 98 μmol), and pyridine hydrochloride (2.88 g, 25 mmol) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 200° C. for 10 minutes with heating. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and then suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, and the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 8 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (35 mg, 75%) as white solid.

Example 12 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (32 mg, 90 μmol), 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid monohydrate (35 mg, 0.20 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (114 mg, 0.30 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the suspension was extracted three times with a 5:1 mixed solution of chloroform and methanol. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol containing 10% concentrated aqueous ammonia and chloroform (concentration, 25%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (16 mg, 35%) as white solid.

Example 13 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (32 mg, 90 μmol), 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (28 mg, 0.20 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (114 mg, 0.30 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the suspension was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol containing 10% concentrated aqueous ammonia and chloroform (concentration, 15%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (19 mg, 44%) as white solid.

Example 14 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-4(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (32 mg, 90 μmol), 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (28 mg, 0.20 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (114 mg, 0.30 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the suspension was extracted three times with a 5:1 mixed solution of chloroform and methanol. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol containing 10% concentrated aqueous ammonia and chloroform (concentration, 15%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (8 mg, 20%) as white solid.

Example 15 Synthesis of 4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (32 mg, 90 μmol), 1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylic acid (31 mg, 0.20 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (114 mg, 0.30 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the suspension was extracted three times with chloroform. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 5%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (41 mg, 94%) as white solid.

Example 16 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (30 mg, 85.9 μmol), 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (31 mg, 0.22 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (129 mg, 0.34 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, then the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (27 mg, 66%) as white solid.

Example 17 Synthesis of 4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (33 mg, 95 μmol), 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (50 mg, 0.26 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (128 mg, 0.34 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, then the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (28 mg, 56%) as white solid.

Example 18 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-2H-pyran-2-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 2-oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. One hour after the start of the reaction, 1 N hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was further stirred. To the reaction solution, aqueous potassium carbonate was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 5%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (4.0 mg, 15%) as brown amorphous substance.

Example 19 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of methylamine in methanol (0.3 mL, 0.6 mmol) was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 10%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (4.4 mg, 16%) as brown amorphous substance.

Example 20 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-4(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 4-oxo-4H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of methylamine in methanol (3.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous potassium carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 8 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 10%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (19 mg, 68%) as weakly brown amorphous substance.

Example 21 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (48 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that dichloromethane was used as the solvent instead of THF and DMA. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in aqueous potassium carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 5 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (12.2 mg, 45%) as weakly brown amorphous substance.

Example 22 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-acetoxy-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide

To a 10-mL test tube, 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide (52 mg, 0.11 mmol) synthesized in Example 1 was added, and suspended in THF (1 mL), then triethylamine (45 μL, 0.32 mmol) and acetyl chloride (15 μL, 0.21 mmol) were added to the suspension, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Since it was confirmed that the starting material remained in the reaction solution, triethylamine (45 μL, 0.32 mmol) and acetyl chloride (15 μL, 0.21 mmol) were added again, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction solution, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and ethyl acetate were added, the resulting mixture was vigorously stirred for 20 minutes, and then the aqueous layer was separated, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (51 mg, 89%) as yellow amorphous substance.

Example 23 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole (27 mg, 79 μmol) prepared according the method described in WO2013/035833 for the compound 297 (Example 228), 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (18 mg, 0.16 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.36 mmol), and HATU (70 mg, 0.18 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, then the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 8 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 20%) as the elution solvent. The obtained compound was dissolved in methanol, and powdered by adding tert-butyl methyl ether to the solution to obtain the title compound (24 mg, 67%) as white solid.

Reference Example 4 Synthesis of 3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid

This compound was synthesized by the method described in WO2009/033084, and ¹H NMR spectrum thereof coincided to the data described in Syn. Commun., 2010, 40(20). 2988-2999.

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (300 mg, 2.17 mmol) and concentrated sulfuric acid (1.3 mL) were added. To the resulting mixture on an ice bath, sodium nitrite (149 mg, 2.16 mmol) dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid (1.6 mL) was added dropwise, and then the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour. The reaction solution was added to ice water, the resulting mixture was vigorously stirred, and the produced solid was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was dried under reduced pressure at 60° C. for 1 hour to obtain the title compound (166 mg, 55%) as pale yellow crystals.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (d, 1H, J=3.7 Hz), 7.64 (d, 1H, J=3.7 Hz)

Example 24 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrazin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), and 3-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) synthesized in Reference Example 4 were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that HOAt (17 mg, 0.13 mmol) was used instead of triethylamine, WSC (24 mg, 0.13 mmol) was used instead of HATU, and as the solvent, DMF was used instead of THF. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, then the reaction solution was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, and then with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 20%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (5.9 mg, 22%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Example 25 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), and 2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that HOAt (17 mg, 0.13 mmol) was used instead of triethylamine, WSC (24 mg, 0.13 mmol) was used instead of HATU, and as the solvent, DMF was used instead of THF. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 5 to 30%) as the elution solvent. In order to eliminate impurities, the obtained compound was suspended in chloroform and aqueous ammonia, and then collected by filtration to obtain the title compound (2.5 mg, 9%) as weakly brown amorphous substance.

Reference Example 5 Synthesis of 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid

To a 30-mL round bottom flask, 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (129 mg, 925 μmol) and 1,1-diethoxy-N,N-dimethylmethaneamine (1.5 mL) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 20%) as the elution solvent to obtain ethyl 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylate (104 mg, 58%) as colorless oily substance.

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, ethyl 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylate (104 mg, 533 μmol) obtained above was added, and dissolved in ethanol (3 mL), then 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (200 μL, 1.0 mmol) was added to the solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 55° C. for 2 hours. The reaction solution was left to cool to room temperature, then made acidic with 5 N hydrochloric acid (400 μL, 2.0 mmol), and then concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethanol (3 mL) was added to the residue, and the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethanol (3 mL), then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (48 mg, 54%) as colorless crystalline solid.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz): δ 7.41 (dd, 1H, J=9.2, 6.0 Hz), 6.65 (d, 1H, J=6.4 Hz), 6.53 (d, 1H, J=8.7 Hz), 4.06 (q, 2H, J=6.9 Hz), 1.17 (t, 3H, J=6.9 Hz)

Example 26 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (32 mg, 92 μmol), 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (33 mg, 0.19 mmol) synthesized in Reference Example 5, triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (136 mg, 0.36 mmol) were reacted. To the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia, then the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 8 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 20%) as the elution solvent. The obtained compound was dissolved in methanol, and powdered by adding tert-butyl methyl ether to the solution to obtain the title compound (35 mg, 76%) as white solid.

Example 27 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-((tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole (30 mg, 65 μmol), and 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that HOAt (19 mg, 0.14 mmol) was used instead of triethylamine, WSC (27 mg, 0.14 mmol) was used instead of HATU, and as the solvent, DMF was used instead of THF. The residue was suspended in water, and then the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 10%) as the elution solvent.

To a 100-mL round bottom flask, the solid obtained above, methanol (2 mL), and aqueous ammonia were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reaction solution was concentrated, and then the residue was suspended in chloroform. Then, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol and chloroform (concentration, 20%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (1.7 mg, 6%) as white amorphous substance.

Reference Example 6 Synthesis of 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid

To 2-oxo-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid (200 mg, 1.43 mmol) and DMAP (17.5 mg, 143 μmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (3.3 mL) and THF (3.3 mL), WSC (274 mg, 1.43 mmol) and benzyl alcohol (148 μL, 1.43 mmol) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction solution, water was added, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the reaction solution was extracted with hexane. The organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in methanol (10 mL) together with ethylamine hydrochloride (112 mg, 1.37 mmol), and triethylamine (520 μL, 3.73 mmol) was added to the solution, followed by stirring the resulting mixture at room temperature for 16 hours. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the obtained residue. The resulting mixture was extracted with chloroform, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (10 g) using ethyl acetate and hexane (concentration gradient, 10 to 60%) as the elution solvent to obtain benzyl 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate (126 mg, 34% for 2 steps) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Benzyl 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate obtained above was dissolved in methanol (2 mL) and ethyl acetate (2 mL), and 10% palladium/carbon was added to the solution, followed by stirring the resulting mixture at room temperature for 2 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. After the reaction, the insoluble substance was removed by filtration through Celite, and the obtained solution was concentrated to obtain the title compound (73 mg, 89%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

¹H NMR (CH₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.43 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 7.95 (dd, 1H, J=9.6, 2.3 Hz), 6.51 (d, 1H, J=9.6 Hz), 4.07 (q, 2H, J=7.3 Hz), 1.34 (t, 3H, J=7.3 Hz)

Example 28 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-ethylpyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (15 mg, 43 μmol), 1-ethyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (16 mg, 94 μmol) synthesized in Reference Example 6, diisopropylethylamine (37 μL, 0.21 mmol), and HATU (36 mg, 94 μmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that THF alone was used as the solvent. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (13.3 mg, 62%) as white amorphous substance.

Example 29 Synthesis of 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide hydrochloride

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide (79 mg, 0.17 mmol) synthesized in Example 1 was added, and dissolved in ethanol (2 mL), then 2 N hydrochloric acid (1 mL) was added to the solution, and the obtained solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried at 80° C. for 18 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (85 mg, 99%) as white amorphous substance.

Example 30 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (44 mg, 93 μmol) synthesized in Example 3 was added, and dissolved in 2 N hydrochloric acid (2 mL), and the obtained solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried at 100° C. for 18 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (40 mg, 84%) as yellow solid.

Example 31 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride

To a 10-mL test tube, 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (26 mg, 54 μmol) synthesized in Example 6, and ethyl acetate were added. The resulting mixture was extracted with 1 N hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried at 60° C. for 1 hour under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (23 mg, 83%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Example 32 Synthesis of 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride

To a 10-mL test tube, 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-6-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one synthesized in Example 8, and ethyl acetate were added. The resulting mixture was extracted with 1 N hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (11 mg, 39% for 2 steps from Example 8) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Example 33 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride

To a 10-mL test tube, 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H-)-one (31 mg, 64 μmol) synthesized in Example 9, and ethyl acetate were added. The resulting mixture was extracted with 1 N hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried at 60° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (22 mg, 67%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

Example 34 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one hydrochloride

To a 10-mL test tube, 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (33 mg, 67 μmol) synthesized in Example 10, and ethyl acetate were added. The resulting mixture was extracted with 1 N hydrochloric acid, and the aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dried at 60° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (33 mg, 94%) as weakly brown amorphous substance.

TABLE 1 Deuterated solvent used for NMR Example measurement NMR data MS 1 DMSO-d6 9.07 (br s, 1H), 6.21-8.27 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.44 (m, 3H), 6.50-6.59 (m, 1H), 472.21 6.37-6.36 (m, 2H), 4.33 (br s, 0.5H), 3.36 (br s, 0.5H), 2.71-3.45 (m, M + H 9H), 2.09-2.30 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.61 (m, 2H), 0.93-1.09 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.46 (m, 2H), −0.30-0.07 (m, 2H). 2 CD3OD 6.36 (d, 1.4H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.32 (d, 0.6H, J = 7.3 Hz), 7.66 (d, 1.4H, 472.19 J = 6.9 Hz), 7.54-7.58 (m, 0.6H), 6.96-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.53-6.69 (m, 2H), M + H 4.66-4.70 (m, 0.7H), 4.15-4.20 (m, 0.3H), 3.43-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.01-3.32 (m, 7H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.33-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.43- 1.50 (m, 3H), 0.85-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.65 (m, 2H), 0.17-0.31 (m, 2H). 3 DMSO-d6 11.65 (br s, 0.6H), 11.50 (br s, 0.4H), 9.06 (br s, 1H), 7.34-7.42 (m, 2 472.19 H), .6.89 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.84 (d, 0.3H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.40-8.55 M + H (m, 2H), 6.18 (s, 0.7H, J = 6.9 Hz), 6.13 (s, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.29-4.33 (m, 0.7H), 3.95-4.08 (m, 0.6H), 3.79-3.84 (m, 0.3H), 3.54-3.61 (m, 1H), 2.63-3.44 (m, 7.4H), 2.22-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.19 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.40 (m, 1.7H), 0.90-1.14 (m, 2.3H), 0.69-0.75 (m, 1H), 0.54-0.64 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.42 (m, 2H), −0.01-0.05 (m, 2 H). 4 CD3OD 5.46-5.48 (m, 1H), 6.37 (d, 0.7H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.33 (d, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 472.18 7.52-7.71 (m, 2H), 6.92-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.68 (m, 2H), 4.64-4.69 M + H (m, 0.6H), 4.11-4.19 (m, 0.6H), 3.59-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.46 (m, 0.4H), 2.92-3.39 (m, 7.4H), 1.96-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.07-1.65 (m, 7H), 0.82-0.97 (m, 2H), 0.46-0.65 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.30 (m, 2H). 5 DMSO-d6 11.70 (br s, 1H), 9.03 (br s, 1H), 7.47-7.67 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.47-6.54 472.19 (m, 2H), 6.26-6.28 (m, 1H), 3.63-4.53 (m, 3H), 3.16 (t, 1H, J = 12.8 Hz), M + H 2.65-3.02 (m, 2.5H), 2.75-2.82 (m, 2.5H), 2.46-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.28 (dd, 1H, J = 12.8, 5.5 Hz), 2.16 (dd, 1H, J = 12.8, 6.4 Hz), 1.74-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.89 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.42 (m, 2H), −0.02-0.06 (m, 2H). 6 CDC13 7.49 (dd, 0.7H, J = 6.9, 1.8 Hz), 7.46 (dd, 0.3H, J = 6.9, 1.8 Hz), 7.33-7.39 (m, 1H), 6.80 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.89 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.58-6.74 (m, 2H), 6.22 (t, 6.7H, J = 6.9 Hz), 6.20 (t, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.62-4.72 (m, 0.7H), 4.11-4.21 (m, 0.6H), 2.67-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.58 (t, 2.1H), 3.55 (s, 0.9H), 3.48-3.61 (m, 1H), 3.22-3.36 (m, 1H), 2.72-3.19 (m, 5H), 2.47-2.64 (m, 0.7H), 2.21-2.42 (m, 1.7H), 1.80-2.13 (m, 1.7H), 1.35-1.77 (m, 2.4H), 0.95-1.34 (m, 3.2H), 0.33-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.19 (m, 2H). 7 CD3OD 7.61 (dd, 0.7H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.53 (dd, 0.3H, J = 9.2, 6.9 Hz), 6.95 (d, 0.7H, 472.2  J = 8.2 Hz), 6.91 (d, 0.3H, J = 9.2 Hz), 6.46-6.63 (m, 4H), 4.62 (t, 0.7 M + H H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.31 (t, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.03 (m, 0.1H), 3.87 (m, 0.7H), 3.70 (d, 0.7H, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.59 (d, 0.3H, J = 12.4 Hz), 3.25-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.84-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.56 (dd, 1H, J = 11.5, 4.6 Hz), 2.28- 2.34 (m, 2H), 1.89-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.06- 1.26 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.13 (m, 2H).

TABLE 2 Deuterated solvent used for NMR Example measurement NMR data MS 8 CDC13 12.15 (br s, 1H), 8.20 (br s, 1H), 7.54 (d, 0.5H, J = 5.0 Hz), 7.53 (d, 0.5H, J = 5.0 Hz), 6.83-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.72 (d, 0.5H, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.51- 6.63 (m, 1.5H), 6.13 (d, 0.5H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.07 (d, 0.5H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.57-4.68 (m, 0.5H), 4.14-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.60 (m, 0.5H), 3.20-3.34 (m, 1H), 2.66-3.17 (m, 5H), 2.45-2.60 (m, 1H), 0.69- 2.42 (m, 14H), 0.38-0.52 (m, 2H), 0.02-0.14 (m, 2H). 9 CDC13 7.85 (s, 0.7H), 7.69 (s, 0.3H), 7.61 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.44 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.86-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.47-6.67 (m, 3H), 4.56-4.78 (m, 0.7H), 4.10-4.35 (m, 0.6H), 3.66-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 2.1H), 3.65 (s, 0.9H), 3.25-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.67-3.21 (m, 5H), 2.48-2.65 (m, 0.7H), 2.20-2.43 (m, 1.7H), 1.64-2.12 (m, 2.8H), 0.72-1.50 (m, 6.5H), 0.38-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.03-0.19 (m, 2H). 10 DMSO-d6 9.09 (s, 0.7H), 9.07 (s, 0.3H), 7.43 (dd, 0.7H, J = 9.2, 6.9 Hz), 7.31- 486.21 7.40 (m, 0.3H), 6.93 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.87 (d, 0.3H, J = 7.8 Hz). M + H 6.20-6.61 (m, 4H), 3.57-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 0.9H), 3.29 (s, 2.1H), 2.44-3.48 (m, 8H), 2.25-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 2H), 0.05-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.62-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.06-0.10 (m, 2H). 11 DMSO-d6 11.70 (br s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 0.6H, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.37 (d, 0.4 472.22 H, J = 6.0 Hz), 6.93 (d, 0.5H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.88 (d, 0.4H, J = 8.2 Hz), M + H 6.45-6.58 (m, 2H), 6.30 (s, 0.6H), 6.24 (s, 0.4H), 6.13 (d, 0.6H, J = 6.9 Hz), 6.08 (d, 0.4H, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.39-4.45 (m, 0.6H), 4.04-4.07 (m, 0.4H), 3.94-3.89 (m, 0.4H), 3.60-3.65 (m, 0.6H), 2.98-3.48 (m, 5H), 2.46- 2.91 (m, 3H), 2.26-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.63 (m, 4H), 0.96-1.03 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.03-0.10 (m, 2H). 12 CD3OD 7.64 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, 0.8H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.93 (d, 0.2H, J = 8.3 Hz), 489.19 6.61-6.67 (m, 2H), 2.81-5.14 (m, 10H), 2.51-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.39 (m, M + H 2H), 1.87-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.80 (m, 0.8H), 1.38-1.60 (m, 1.2H), 1.06- 1.32 (m, 3H), 0.74-0.95 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.03-0.20 (m, 2H). 13 DMSO-d6 11.45-11.66 (m, 1H), 9.00-9.19 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.78 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, 0.7 472.22 H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.87 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.3 Hz), 6.39-6.64 (m, 2H), 6.16 (d, M + H 0.7H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.12 (d, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.25-4.40 (m, 0.7H), 3.97-4.09 (m, 0.3H), 2.41-3.92 (m, 9H), 2.10-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.73-2.00 (m, 2H), 0.53-1.69 (m, 7H), 0.34-0.50 (m, 2H), −0.04-0.15 (m, 2H). 14 DMSO-d6 10.84 (br s, 1H), 9.10 (s, 0.7H), 9.06 (s, 0.3H), 8.08-8.39 (m, 1H), 6.39- 472.22 7.05 (m, 5H), 4.45-4.65 (m, 1H), 3.68-4.00 (m, 1H), 2.44-3.61 (m, 8H), M + H 2.12-2.37 (m, 2H), 1.74-2.01 (m, 2H), 0.58-1.69 (m, 7H), 0.38-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.00-0.14 (m, 2H).

TABLE 3 Deuterated solvent used for NMR Example measurement NMR data MS 15 CDC13 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.69 (m, 3H), 6.18-6.26 (m, 486.23 1H), 4.60-4.73 (m, 0.5H), 4.09-4.33 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.76 (m, 0.5H) 3.49-3.61 M + H (m, 4H), 3.26-3.44 (m, 0.5H), 2.71-3.16 (m, 4.5H), 0.71-2.66 (m, 13H), 0.39-0.56 (m, 2H), 0.04-0.17 (m, 2H). 16 DMSO-d6 9.07 (br s, 0.7H), 9.05 (br s, 0.3H), 7.61-7.68 (m, 1H), 6.67-6.93 (m, 2H), 473.22 6.48-6.60 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.39 (m, 0.3H), 4.46-4.52 (m, 0.7H), 4.06 (q, M + H 0.8H, J = 5.0 Hz), 3.95-4.02 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.84 (m, 0.7H), 2.50-2.52 (m, 7H), 2.27-2.33 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.64 (m, 1H), 0.98-1.41 (m, 5H), 0.69-0.76 (m, 1H), 0.41-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.02- 0.09 (m, 2H). 17 DMSO-d6 9.11 (br s, 1H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.23 (m, 1H), 522.26 6.94 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.53 (d, 0.3H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.38-6.62 (m, 3 M + H H), 4.50-4.57 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.24 (m, 1H), 2.74-3.03 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.32 (m, 1H), 1.77- 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.55 (m, 2H), 0.95-1.05 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.35- 0.44 (m, 2H), 0.02-0.09 (m, 2H). 18 CD3OD 7.89-8.12 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, 0.2H, J = 7.6 Hz), 6.97 (d, 0.8H, J = 8.2 Hz), 471.22 6.64 (d, 0.2H, J = 2.8 Hz), 6.60-6.62 (m, 1.8H), 5.61 (d, 0.8H, J = 9.6 M + H Hz), 5.57 (d, 0.2H, J = 9.2 Hz), 3.23-5.24 (m, 5H), 3.11-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.55-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.54-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.93-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.87 (m, 2H), 0.74-1.41 (m, 5H), 0.42-0.52 (m, 2H), 0.06-0.18 (m, 2H). 19 DMSO-d6 9.10 (s, 0.7H), 9.07 (s, 0.8H), 9.20 (d, 0.7H, J = 6.0 Hz), 8.13 (d, 0.3H, 473.25 J = 5.5 Hz), 6.87-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.45-6.73 (m, 3H), 6.40 (dd, 0.7H, J = M + H 6.0, 2.3 Hz), 6.34 (dd, 0.3H, J = 5.5, 2.3 Hz), 4.24-4.51 (m, 1H), 3.87-4.01 (m, 1H), 2.35-3.81 (m, 5H), 2.14-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.53- 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.49 (m, 1H), 0.63-1.31 (m, 5H), 0.34-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.03-0.14 (m, 2H). 20 DMSO-d6 9.09 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, 0.7H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.63 (d, 0.3H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.93 486.28 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.55 (d, 0.3H, J = 6.2 Hz), 6.55 (d, 0.7H, J = M + H 2.3 Hz), 6.49-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.46 (dd, 0.3H, J = 5.2, 2.3 Hz), 6.07-6.14 (m, 1.7H), 6.05 (dd, 0.3H, J = 7.6, 2.6 Hz), 4.36-4.44 (m, 0.7H), 3.60-4.23 (m, 0.6H), 3.63-3.67 (m, 0.7H), 3.47 (s, 2.1H), 8.44 (s, 0.9H), 2.37-3.54 (m, 5H), 2.25-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.18 (dd, 1H, J = 12.4, 6.4 Hz), 1.73-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.11-1.19 (m, 1H), 0.95- 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.61-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.11 (m, 2H). 21 DMSO-d6 9.06-9.13 (m, 1H), 7.94 (s, 0.7H), 7.78-7.91 (m, 1.3H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 1H), 473.25 6.60 (s, 0.7H), 6.45-6.57 (m, 1.3H), 4.83-4.95 (m, 0.3H), 4.49-4.60 (m, M + H 0.7H), 3.58-4.07 (m, 1.7H), 2.39-3.56 (m, 7.3H), 2.15-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.77- 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.67 (m, 1H), 0.96-1.44 (m, 4H), 0.62-0.92 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.13 (m, 2H).

TABLE 4 Deuterated solvent used for NMR Example measurement NMR data MS 22 CDC13 8.14-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.34 (m, 4H), 6.75-6.86 (m, 2H), 4.68 (m, 0.6H), 514.27 4.09-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.70 (m, 0.4H), 3.29-3.40 (m, 0.6H), 2.87-3.13 M + H (m, 6.4H), 2.51-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.85-2.26 (m, 8H), 1.58-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.10- 1.24 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.46 (m, 2H), 0.03-0.13 (m, 2 H). 23 CDC13 7.05-7.43 (m, 5H), 6.27-6.68 (m, 2H), 4.81-4.84 (m, 0.7H), 4.50-4.53 (m, 456.29 0.3H), 4.27-4.36 (m, 0.3H), 4.10 (t, 0.7H, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.84 (d, 0.7H, M + H J = 3.8 Hz), 3.57-3.64 (m, 0.3H), 3.34-3.48 (m, 1H), 2.78-3.20 (m, 5H), 2.54-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.36 (m, 2H), 1.87-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.78 (m, 5H), 0.75-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.47 (d, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 0.05-0.13 (m, 2H). 24 DMSO-d6 9.10 (s, 0.6H), 9.07 (s, 0.4H), 7.19-7.62 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, 0.6H, J = 8.7 473.27 Hz), 6.87 (d, 0.4H, J = 0.2 Hz), 6.66-6.36 (m, 2H), 4.33-4.40 (m, 0.6 M + H H), 3.91-3.99 (m, 0.4H), 3.86 (dd, 0.4H, J = 12.8, 8.7 Hz), 3.59 (dd, 0.6H, J = 10.5, 8.2 Hz), 2.38-3.52 (m, 8H), 2.14-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.45 (m, 1H), 0.93-1.27 (m, 3H), 0.49- 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.35-0.48 (m, 2H), −0.01-0.12 (m, 2H). 25 DMSO-d6 8.96-9.68 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, 0.6H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.88 (d, 0.4H, J = 8.2 489.26 Hz), 6.58 (d, 0.6H, J = 6.3 Hz), 6.48-6.54 (m, 1H), 6.45 (dd, 0.4H, J = M + H 8.2, 2.3 Hz), 4.88-5.19 (m, 1H), 4.38-4.44 (m, 0.4H), 4.28-4.36 (m, 0.6 H), 3.70-3.82 (m, 1H), 2.39-3.61 (m, 8H), 2.24-2.34 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.23 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.66 (m, 1H), 0.92-1.45 (m, 4H), 0.56- 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.33-0.50 (m, 2H), −0.02-0.14 (m, 2H). 26 DMSO-d6 9.06 (br s, 0.7H), 9.05 (br s, 0.3H), 7.30-7.41 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, 0.7H, J = 500.31 8.2 Hz), 6.84 (d, 0.3H), J = 8.2 Hz), 6.55 (br s, 1H), 6.50 (dd, 1H, M + H J = 8.2, 2.3 Hz), 6.22-6.43 (m, 2H), 4.39 (br s, 1H), 3.52-4.14 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.21 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.79 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.29 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.53-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.39 (m, 1H), 0.94-1.18 (m, 5H), 0.57-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.38 (d, 2H, J = 7.8 Hz), 0.02 (br s, 2H). 27 DMSO-d6 9.08 (s, 0.6H), 9.06 (s, 0.4H), 8.22 (s, 0.6H), 8.15 (s, 0.4H) 6.92 (d, 0.6H, 473.28 J = 8.2 Hz), 6.88 (d, 0.4H, J = 7.8 Hz), 6.59 (d, 0.6H, J = 2.8 Hz), M + H 6.52 (dd, 0.6H, J = 8.2, 2.8 Hz), 6.49 (d, 0.4H, J = 2.3 Hz), 6.46 (dd, 0.4H, J = 7.8, 2.3 Hz), 6.40 (s, 0.6H), 6.37 (s, 0.4H), 4.30-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.40-3.65 (m, 8H), 2.14-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.67 (m, 1H), 0.93-1.44 (m, 3H), 0.51-0.91 (m, 3H), 0.36- 0.48 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.10 (m, 2H). 28 CD3OD 8.04 (s, 0.7H), 7.92 (s, 0.3H), 7.55-7.73 (m, 1H), 6.91-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.48- 500.31 6.73 (m, 3H), 2.57-5.06 (m, 12H), 2.24-2.74 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.86 (m, 1 M + H H), 1.71-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.09-1.67 (m, 8H), 0.77-1.04 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.06-0.36 (m, 2H).

TABLE 5 Deuterated solvent used for NMR Example measurement NMR data MS 29 DMSO-d6 9.38 (br s, 1H), 8.91 (br s, 0.3H), 8.74 (br s, 0.7H), 8.25-8.29 (m, 1H), 472.24 7.35-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.02 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.95 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.7 M + H Hz), 6.66-6.70 (m, 1.3H), 6.50-6.57 (m, 0.7H), 4.40 (dd, 0.7, J = 6.0, 2.3 Hz) 3.89-4.00 (m, 1.7H), 3.00-3.57 (m, 9.6H), 2.87-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.47- 2.57 (m, 1H), 1.91-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.69 (m, 3 H), 1.10 (br s, 1H), 0.48-0.69 (m, 4H), 0.33-0.39 (m, 1H). 30 DMSO-d6 11.82-11.95 (m, 1H), 9.36 (br s, 1H), 9.00 (br s, 0.3H), 8.85 (br s, 0.7 472.26 H), 7.35-7.47 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, 0.7H, J = 7.3 Hz), 6.93 (d, 0.3H, J = M + H 7.8 Hz), 6.46-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.12-6.21 (m, 1H), 4.29-4.37 (m, 0.7H), 3.95- 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.87 (m, 0.3H), 2.84-3.63 (m, 12H), 1.83-2.00 (m, 1 H), 1.69-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.38 (m, 2H), 0.95-1.13 (m, 1H), 0.33-0.62 (m, 5H). 31 CD3OD 7.68-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.12(d, 0.7H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.06 486.21 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.2 Hz), 6.61-6.78 (m, 2H), 6.45 (t, 0.7H, J = 6.9 Hz), M + H 6.39 (t, 0.3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.62 (s, 2.1H), 3.60 (s, 0.9H), 3.09-5.35 (m, 10H), 2.86-3.08 (2H, m), 2.69-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.07-2.21 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.96 (m, 4.7H), 1.08-1.21 (m, 1.3H), 0.68-0.96 (m, 3H), 0.43-0.67 (m, 2H). 32 CD3OD 7.45-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, 0.7H, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.05 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.7 486.22 Hz), 6.61-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.27 (d, 0.7H, J = 6.9 Hz), 6.21 (d, 0.3H, J = M + H 7.3 Hz), 3.11-5.00 (m, 10H), 3.02 (dd, 1H, J = 13.3, 7.3 Hz), 2.69-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 2.1H), 2.30 (s, 0.9H), 2.05-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.92 (m, 4.7H), 1.06-1.21 (m, 1.3H), 0.70-0.96 (m, 3H), 0.42-0.55 (m, 2H). 33 CD3OD 8.06 (s, 0.8H), 7.94 (br s, 0.2H), 7.73 (d, 0.8H, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.55-7.66 486.21 (m, 0.2H), 7.02-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.48-6.82 (m, 3H), 3.09-4.98 (m, 13H), 3.03 M + H (dd, 1H, J = 13.3, 7.3 Hz), 2.73-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.39- 1.96 (m, 4.8H), 0.90-1.34 (m, 2.2H), 0.70-0.88 (m, 2H), 0.42-0.68 (m, 2H). 34 CD3OD 7.58 (dd, 0.7H, J = 9.2, 6.9 Hz), 7.46-7.54 (m, 0.3H), 7.13 (d, 0.7H, J = 486.22 8.2 Hz), 7.07 (d, 0.3H, J = 8.7 Hz), 6.66-6.84 (m, 3H), 6.38-6.51 (m, M + H 1H), 3.26-5.96 (m, 13H), 2.89-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.07- 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.83-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.77 (m, 4H), 1.09-1.21 (m, 1H), 0.71-1.04 (m, 3H), 0.43-0.67 (m, 2H).

Reference Example 7-1 Synthesis of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carboxylate

To a 100-mL recovery flask, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-methoxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carboxylate (972.7 mg, 2.00 mmol) synthesized according to the method described in WO2014/136305, Example 34, (1) was added, and dissolved in methylene chloride (20 mL). The reaction solution was cooled to 0° C., then a 1 M solution of boron tribromide in methylene chloride (6 mL) was added to the reaction solution with vigorous stirring, and then the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 hour with warming to room temperature.

To the reaction solution, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (30 mL) was added, and then the resulting mixture was extracted with chloroform (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (1.04 g, >100%) as white foam-like substance. The crude product was used as it was for the following reaction without any further purification.

Reference Example 7-2 Synthesis of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carboxylate

To a 100-mL recovery flask, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carboxylate (1.04 g) synthesized in Reference Example 7-1 was added, and dissolved in THF (20 mL). To the obtained solution, triethylamine (2.79 mL, 20 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.41 mL, 10 mmol) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (1.46 g, >100%) as white foam-like substance. The crude product was used as it was for the following reaction without any further purification.

Reference Example 7-3 Synthesis of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-14-yl)ethan-1-one

To a 100-mL recovery flask, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carboxylate (1.46 g) synthesized in Reference Example 7-2 was added, and dissolved in acetic acid (25 mL). To the obtained solution, zinc powder (1.31 g, 20 mmol) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution was filtered through Celite to remove excessive zinc powder. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then azeotroped with toluene. The residue was diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (30 mL), and then extracted with chloroform (30 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using ethyl acetate and methanol (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain the title compound (215 mg, total yield of 27% for 3 steps) as pale yellow foam-like substance.

¹H NMR CDCl₃: 6.96-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.64-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.58 (m, 1H), 5.90 (br s, 1H), 4.90 (d, 0.5H, J=6.8 Hz), 4.34 (dd, 0.5H, J=6.5, 13.8 Hz), 4.18-4.24 (m, 0.5H), 2.72-3.81 (m, 8.5H), 2.21-2.45 (m, 1H), 1.46-2.00 (m, 3H), 0.99-1.43 (m, 4H)

Reference Example 8-1 Synthesis of ethyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate

This compound was synthesized according to the method described in WO2011/090935.

To a 500-mL recovery flask, a 20% solution of sodium ethoxide in ethanol (60 mL) and ethyl 2-(ethoxymethylene)malonate (10.5 mL, 524 mmol) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. To the obtained mixture, hydrazine monohydrate (5.1 mL, 104 mmol) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 hours with heating, and then the obtained yellow suspension was cooled to 0° C. To the reaction solution vigorously stirred, 1 N hydrochloric acid (180 mL) was slowly added at the same temperature to obtain a yellow solution. To the obtained solution, ethyl acetate (150 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The organic layer was separated, and then the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×2). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the insoluble substance was separated by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was crystallized by using ethyl acetate and hexane to obtain the title compound (2.82 g, 35%) as yellow crystals (mixture of tautomers). MS ES M−H=155

Reference Example 8-2 Synthesis of 3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, ethyl 3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (200 mg, 1.28 mmol), iodomethane (397 μL, 6.40 mmol), and DMF (5 mL) were added, sodium hydride (60%, dispersed in liquid paraffin, 256 mg, 6.40 mmol) was added to the mixture, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. Under ice cooling, water was added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, then the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (25 g) using ethyl acetate and hexane (concentration gradient, 5 to 60%) as the elution solvent to obtain ethyl 3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (51 mg, 22%) as white solid.

To a 50-mL round bottom flask, ethyl 3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate (51 mg, 0.279 mmol) obtained above was added, and dissolved in ethanol (1 mL), then 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.5 mL, 2.50 mmol) was added to the solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 days. To the reaction solution, a 1 N hydrochloric acid (2.7 mL) was added, and the resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was dissolved in THF, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration using Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (43 mg, 100%) as white powder.

¹H NMR DMSO-d₆: 11.91 (br s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H)

Example 35 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

To a 10 m-L test tube, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-14-yl)ethan-1-one (54 mg, 136 μmol) synthesized in Reference Example 7-3, 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (67 mg, 0.48 mmol), and HATU (197 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added, and suspended in THF (2 mL), then triethylamine (100 μL, 0.72 mmol) and DMA (100 μL) were added to the suspension, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours.

To the reaction mixture, ethanolamine (100 μL) and methanol (2 mL) were added, and the resulting mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was dissolved in chloroform (30 mL), and the solution was washed with 6% aqueous ammonia (10 mL×3). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with chloroform (20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 16 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 10 to 30%) as the elution solvent to obtain 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (M+H=514.26) as white foam-like substance.

6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-Hydroxy-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one obtained above was dissolved in methanol (5 mL) in a 100-mL recovery flask, sodium borohydride (124 mg, 3.26 mmol) was added to the solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia (20 mL), and the suspension was washed with chloroform (20 mL×2). The aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 12 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 10 to 30%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified to obtain a mixture of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-14-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one, and the title compound, 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one.

The mixture obtained above was dissolved in concentrated aqueous ammonia (3 mL) in a 50-mL recovery flask, and the solution was heated at 80° C. for 18 hours in a tube sealed with a rubber stopper. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 7 g) using methanol and chloroform (concentration gradient, 10 to 50%) as the elution solvent. The obtained crude product was powdered by using methanol (0.2 mL) and t-butyl methyl ether (3 mL) to obtain the title compound (23 mg, 41%).

¹H NMR DMSO-d₆: 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.53 (dd, 0.7H, J=6.9, 8.7 Hz), 7.47 (dd, 0.3H, J=7.3, 9.2 Hz), 6.92 (d, 0.7H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.87 (d, 0.3H, J=7.8 Hz), 6.39-6.58 (m, 4H), 4.42-4.45 (m, 0.7H), 4.13-4.17 (m, 0.3H), 3.89-3.94 (m, 0.3H), 3.71-3.76 (m, 0.7H), 3.61 (d, 0.7H, J=11.0 Hz), 3.45-3.48 (m, 0.3H), 3.15-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.80-3.09 (m, 5H), 2.64-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.13-2.44 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.15 (d, 1H, J=11.0 Hz), 1.01-1.07 (m, 1H), 0.88-0.94 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.74 (m, 1H)

Example 36 Synthesis of 4-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (30 mg, 86 μmol), 3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (29 mg, 0.19 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (75 μL, 0.43 mmol), and HATU (72 mg, 0.19 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that THF (2 mL) alone was used as the solvent. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (silica gel, 10 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified to obtain ((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-3-yl)(3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone (33.3 mg, 80%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

¹H NMR CD₃OD: 7.69 (s, 0.7H), 7.55 (s, 0.3H), 6.90-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, 0.7H, J=2.8 Hz), 6.53-6.58 (m, 1.3H), 2.78-5.02 (m, 8H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 2.1H), 3.68 (s, 0.9H), 2.53-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.33 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.51-0.78 (m, 7H), 0.45-0.48 (m, 2H), 0.09-0.12 (m, 2H)

To a 30-mL round bottom flask, ((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-1,2,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-3H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-3-yl)(3-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone (15 mg, 31 μmol) obtained above was added, and dissolved in methylene chloride (1 mL). A 1.0 M solution of boron tribromide in methylene chloride (153 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to the solution under ice cooling, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. A 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to preparative TLC using methanol containing aqueous ammonia and chloroform (concentration, 10%) as the developing solvent to obtain the title compound (10.6 mg, 73%) as pale yellow amorphous substance.

¹H NMR DMSO-d₆: 11.47 (s, 0.1H), 11.37 (s, 0.9H), 9.11 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 0.9H), 7.48 (s, 0.1H), 6.94 (d, 1H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.60 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 6.54 (dd, 1H, J=8.2, 2.3 Hz), 4.33-4.50 (m, 1H), 2.50-4.07 (m, 12H), 2.19-2.34 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.65 (m, 1H), 0.70-1.43 (m, 6H), 0.38-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.02-0.16 (m, 2H)

Example 37 Synthesis of 5-chloro-3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (20 mg, 57 μmol), 5-chloro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid (22 mg, 0.13 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (50 μL, 0.29 mmol), and HATU (72 mg, 0.13 mmol) were reacted in the same manner as that of Example 1, except that THF (1 mL) alone was used as the solvent. To the reaction solution, a 1.4 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and then the suspension was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 8 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate (concentration gradient, 0 to 80%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified to obtain the title compound (11.6 mg, 40%) as brown amorphous substance.

¹H NMR DMSO-d₆: 11.99 (br s, 1H), 9.06 (br s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 0.7H), 7.59 (s, 0.3H), 7.48 (d, 1H, J=2.3 Hz), 6.89 (d, 0.7H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.85 (d, 0.3H, J=8.2 Hz), 6.40-6.56 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.32 (m, 0.7H), 3.93-3.98 (m, 0.3H), 3.78-3.84 (m, 0.3H), 2.11-3.62 (m, 10.7H), 1.68-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.63 (m, 1H), 0.87-1.46 (m, 4H), 0.50-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.29-0.47 (m, 2H), 0.06-0.12 (m, 2H)

Example 38 Synthesis of 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione

In the same manner as that of Example 1, (1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indol-10-ol (35 mg, 98 μmol), 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (35 mg, 0.19 mmol), triethylamine (70 μL, 0.50 mmol), and HATU (145 mg, 0.38 mmol) were reacted, then to the reaction solution, a 2 N solution of ammonia in methanol was added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in 6% aqueous ammonia (20 mL), and the suspension was extracted with ethyl acetate (15 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (10 mL), and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 10 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate (concentration gradient, 0 to 30%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained syrup-like substance was dissolved in methanol (0.2 mL), then powdered by adding t-butyl methyl ether (3 mL) to the solution, and collected by filtration to obtain the title compound (39 mg, 76%) as white powder.

¹H NMR CD₃OD: 7.82 (s, 1H), 6.92-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.52-6.65 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.18 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 2H), 3.37 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 3.31 (s, 1H), 2.81-3.18 (m, 5H), 2.57-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.38 (m, 2H), 1.93-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.44-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.08-0.17 (m, 2H)

Example 39 Synthesis of 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

The experiment was performed in the same manner as that of Example 1.

(1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-10-methoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole (82 mg, 0.23 mmol) prepared according to the method described in WO2013/035833, Example 67, triethylamine (200 μL, 1.43 mmol), and HATU (167 mg, 0.44 mmol) were reacted. Then, to the reaction solution, ethanolamine (200 μL) and methanol (1 mL) were added to terminate the reaction, and then the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), and washed with 6% aqueous ammonia (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with chloroform (30 mL×2), and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The insoluble substance was separated by filtration, and then the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (aminosilica gel, 7 g) using methanol and ethyl acetate (concentration gradient, 10 to 50%) as the elution solvent, and thereby purified. The obtained syrup-like substance was dissolved in methanol (0.2 mL), and then powdered by adding t-butyl methyl ether (3 mL) to the solution. The obtained powder was dried at 100° C. for 16 hours under reduced pressure to obtain the title compound (87 mg, 100%) as white amorphous substance-like substance.

¹H NMR DMSO-d₆: 7.5 (br s, 1H), 6.97-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.45-6.73 (m, 4H), 4.40-4.45 (m, 0.7H), 3.84-3.89 (m, 0.3H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55-3.62 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.22 (m, 4H), 2.79-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.62 (m, 4H), 1.79-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.60 (m, 3H), 0.99-1.14 (m, 3H), 0.70-0.74 (m, 1H), 0.54-0.61 (m, 1H), 0.39-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00-0.07 (m, 2H)

Example 40 Opioid Receptor Function Test

The functional activities of the compounds provided by the present invention on the μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors were investigated.

Method:

The test was performed by using Lance Ultra cAMP Kit (PerkinElmer) according to a method predetermined for the kit. In the evaluation of the agonistic activity, CHO cells expressing each of the human opioid receptors (δ, μ, and κ, accession numbers and catalog numbers are mentioned below) and 10 μM of each test compound were reacted for 30 minutes in an assay buffer (1× HBSS, 1 M HEPES, pH 7.4, 250 mM IBMX (isobutylmethylxanthine), 7.5% BSA) in the presence of forskolin. Subsequently, the cAMP detection reagent included in the kit was added, and 1 hour afterward, time-resolved fluorescence measurement was performed by using the EnVision plate reader (PerkinElmer). The test compounds and the control drugs (δ: SNC80, μ: DAMGO, κ: U-69593) were evaluated in a concentration range of 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁵ M, a dose-response curve of each test compound was obtained from the fluorescence values at 665 nm, and EC₅₀ value and the E_(max) value were calculated. The E_(max) value was calculated as a ratio of the maximum reaction of the test compound to the maximum reaction of each control drug, which is taken as 100%.

-   SNC80: -   (+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide -   DAMGO: -   [D-Ala², N-MePhe⁴, Gly-of]enkephalin -   U-69593: -   (+)-(5α,7α,8β)-N-Methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]benzeneacetamide

Accession Numbers and Catalogue Numbers

-   δ: Catalog No. CT4607, Accession No. NM_000911.2 -   μ: Catalog No. CT4605, Accession No. NM_000914 -   κ: Catalog No. CT4606, Accession No. NM_000912

(ChanTest Corporation)

TABLE 6 δ receptor EC₅₀ μ receptor κ receptor value Emax EC₅₀ value Emax EC₅₀ value Emax Example (nM) (%) (nM) (%) (nM) (%) 1 <3 88 NO 8.3* >1 12 3 <3 98 >1 20 <1 15 4 <3 86 NO 5.5* >10  27 5 <3 81 >1 9.7 <1 20 6 <3 97 >10  7.7 NO 3.2* 7 <3 99 >1 10 NO −0.9* 8 <3 70 >1 8.6 <1 21 9 <3 74 <1 15 <1 14 10 <3 74 NO 6.0* NO −0.7* 11 <3 76 >1 11 NO −2.5* 14 <3 95 >1 8.1 NO −6.7* 16 <3 92 >1 19 <1 29 19 <3 91 >1 19 NO 0.6* 28 <3 92 >1 16 <1 18 31 <3 97 >10  7.7 NO 3.2* 32 <3 70 >1 8.6 <1 21 N.C.: Since the maximum reaction was not reached at the maximum concentration (10 μM), the ED₅₀ value was not calculated. *Since the maximum reaction was not reached at the maximum concentration, a reaction rate at the maximum concentration is mentioned as a reference value.

As shown in Table 6, it was confirmed that the compounds of the present invention have potent agonistic activities for the opioid δ receptor, but do not have agonistic activity or have only very weak agonistic activity for the μ and κ receptors.

Example 41 Mouse Elevated Plus Maze Test (Test Method)

For the test, 5 to 6 weeks old C57BL/6N male mice were used. On a plus maze apparatus consisting of a wall-less running route (open arm, width 6 cm, length 30 cm) and a running route with a wall (closed arm, width 6 cm, length 30 cm, height of wall 15 cm), and having a height of 40 cm, a mouse was put so as to be directed to the running route with a wall, and allowed to spontaneously enter into the plus maze. Each test substance was dissolved in saline or 0.005 N HCl in saline, and subcutaneously administered on the back 30 minutes before the start of the test. At the time of the start of the test, video recording with a video camera was started, the time at which the mouse entered into the plus maze is considered to be the start of the test, and exploratory behavior was recorded for 5 minutes. On the basis of the video image, staying times in the running routes were determined, and wall-less running route staying time ratio (%) was calculated.

(Test Results)

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , from this experiment, it was found that subcutaneous administrations of the compound 1 (the compound described in Example 1) and the compound 7 (the compound described in Example 7) at a dose of 3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, respectively, significantly increased the wall-less running route staying time ratio and thus it was confirmed that they exhibit anxiolytic-like effects. The compound 3 (the compound described in Example 3), the compound 9 (the compound described in Example 9), and the compound 10 (the compound described in Example 10) also showed a tendency of increasing the wall-less running route staying time ratio (FIGS. 3 to 5 ).

Example 42 Rat Elevated Plus Maze Test

Anxiolytic effects of the compounds provided by the present invention were investigated by the rat elevated plus maze test.

(Test Method)

For the test, 7 to 9 weeks old Wistar male rats were used. On a plus maze apparatus consisting of a wall-less running route (width 10 cm, length 50 cm) and a running route with a wall (width 10 cm, length 50 cm, height of wall 30 cm), and having a height of 50 cm, a rat was put so as to be directed to the running route with a wall, and allowed to spontaneously enter into the plus maze, and exploratory behavior was observed for 5 minutes. Each test substance was dissolved in a 4.5% aqueous solution of cyclodextrin, and orally administered 2 hours before the start of the test. The test data were automatically analyzed by using video image action analysis software (Smart3.0, PanLab S.L., PanLab), and wall-less running route staying time ratio (%) was calculated.

(Test Results)

As shown in FIG. 6 , from this experiment, it was found that oral administration of 3 mg/kg of each of the compound 7 (the compound described in Example 7), the compound 3 (the compound described in Example 3), and the compound 10 (the compound described in Example 10) significantly increased the wall-less running route staying time ratio, and thus it was confirmed that they exhibit anxiolytic-like effects.

Example 43

hERG (Human Ether-a-Go-Go-Related Gene) Potassium Channel Inhibition Test

(Test Method)

The test was performed with Port-a-Patch automatic patch clump apparatus (Nanion Technologies) using hERG channel-stably expressing CHO cells (purchased from Channelopathy Foundation). The membrane potential of the cells was maintained at −80 mV, then there were applied a depolarization pulse at +20 mV for 1.5 seconds, and a following test pulse at −50 mV for 1.5 seconds at a frequency of 1 time per 10 seconds, and the hERG current was confirmed as a tail current induced by the test pulse. The test compound was dissolved in an extracellular fluid (137 mM NaCl, 4 mM KCl, 1.8 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM D(+)-glucose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4), and the solution was refluxed at room temperature for 5 minutes. The inhibition ratio was obtained from the ratio of the tail current value observed after the compound was applied based on the tail current value observed before the compound was applied, which was taken as 100%. For the test, we used cells that showed a peak tail current value not smaller than 300 pA, tail current run-down smaller than 10% of the initial current value, and leak current smaller than 200 pA.

(Test Results)

The test results are shown in Table 7.

In the table, the compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, and 10 are the compounds described in Examples 1, 3, 7, 9, and 10, respectively.

As clearly seen from the results shown in Table 7, all the test compounds showed only weak inhibitory effects.

On the other hand, it was revealed that the compounds disclosed in WO2013/35833 (Patent document 4) include those having potent hERG inhibitory effects.

TABLE 7 hERG channel Example Concentration inhibitory action Compound 1 10 μM <50% Compound 3 10 μM <50% Compound 7 10 μM <50% Compound 9 10 μM <50% Compound 10 10 μM <50% Comparative compound 1 10 μM >50% Comparative compound 2 10 μM >50%

-   Comparative compound 1: Compound of WO2013/35833, Example 93     (compound 104) -   Comparative compound 2: Compound of WO2013/35833, Example 205     (compound 267)

Example 44 Hyperemotional Reaction Inhibition Test Using Olfactory Bulbectomized (OBX) Rat (Test Method)

According to the method of Saitoh et al. (Saitoh A, Yamada M, Yamada M, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi K, Murasawa H, Nakatani A, Tatsumi Y, Hirose N, and Kamei J: Antidepressant-like effects of the delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC80 ((+)-4-[(alphaR)-alpha-[(2S,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(2-propenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide) in an olfactory bulbectomized rat model, Brain Res., 2008, 1208:160-169), OBX rats were prepared by extracting the rat olfactory bulbs, and then breeding the rats in an isolated circumstance. Hyperemotional reaction was evaluated on the day 14 after the surgical operation and before the division into groups, and 2 hours after the administration on the days 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 of the administration period according to the hyperemotional reaction evaluation criteria prepared by Gomita et al. (Gomita et al., Behavioral pharmacological and electroencephalographical studies of 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-(3H,5H:)-dione (Clobazam), Folia Pharmacologica Japonica, 82, 267 (1983)). The drug was subcutaneously administered once a day continuously over 14 days. As a positive control drug, fluoxetine, which is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was used. As the solvent, a 1% cyclodextrin (CD) was used.

(Test Results)

Administration of 0.1 mg/kg of the test substance (the compound described in Example 7 mentioned above) significantly reduced the hyperemotional reactions of the OBX rats from the day 4 of the administration period compared with the solvent administration group, and restored the condition even to a level comparable to that of the rats of the sham surgery group on the day 7 of the administration period. Administration of 1 mg/kg of the test substance significantly reduced the hyperemotional reactions of the OBX rats from the day 1 of the administration period compared with the solvent administration group, and restored the condition even to a level comparable to that of the rats of the sham surgery group on the day 4 of the administration period. These effects were maintained until the day 14. On the other hand, administration of fluoxetine at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the hyperemotional reactions of the OBX rats on the day 14 of the administration period compared with the solvent administration group.

In the above investigation, it was demonstrated that the test substance might show antidepressant-like effect even with single administration, unlike SSRI. Therefore, it was suggested that the test substance showed the antidepressant-like effect earlier compared with SSRI. It was also suggested that tolerance may not be induced for the antidepressant-like effect of the test substance.

Example 45 Reserpine-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model Mouse (Test Method)

ICR male mice (5 weeks old, Japan SLC) were obtained, and used after an acclimation period (5 to 12 days).

PD model was prepared with reference to the report of Hille et al. (Exp. Neurol., 2001, 172:189). It was prepared by intraperitoneally administering reserpine (5 mg/kg) 18 to 24 hours before the start of the test. The test was performed by subcutaneously administering a test compound to each mouse on the day of the test, immediately putting the mouse into a cage for monitoring locomotor activity, and measuring the migration distance over 60 minutes.

(Test Results)

Since administration of the test substance (the compound described in Example 7 mentioned above) at 10 mg/kg significantly increased exploratory behavior, and also, a tendency of increase of standing up behavior was found, although it was not significant (P=0.16), Parkinson's disease-curing effect of the test substance was suggested.

Example 46 Evaluation Using Rat Cerebral Infarction-Induced Overactive Bladder Model (Test Method)

A transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model was prepared by using 8 weeks old SD male rats under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. On the next day, the cervix was slightly cut open again under the isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, and a catheter for administration was fixed in the jugular vein, and led to the back. A cystometry operation was also performed, and the other end of a cannula inserted into the bladder was led to the back, and connected to a cannula swivel.

On the day 4 after the cerebral ischemia operation, cystometry was performed under no anesthesia and with no restraint. Intravesical pressure was measured for the stable period, then a medium was intravenously administered, and the value of the pressure was measured over about 30 minutes as a value before test substance administration. Then, the test substance was cumulatively and intravenously administered from the lowest dose at intervals of about 30 minutes, and the value was measured for about 30 minutes after each administration. For the rats determined to show pollakiuria (urination interval was 10 minutes or shorter) in the measurement before the administration, static intravesical pressure, pressure at the time of urination, urination interval, and single urination amount were measured at each time point.

(Test Results)

The measurement results are shown in Table 8.

As clearly seen from the results shown in Table 8, the test substance (the compound described in Example 7 mentioned above) did not affect the static intravesical pressure and pressure at the time of urination at all the doses. On the other hand, the urination interval and single urination amount showed a dose-dependently increasing tendency, and therefore pollakiuria-improving effect of the test substance was suggested.

TABLE 8 n Vehicle 0.01 mg/kg 0.1 mg/kg Static pressure 5 10.6 ± 1.3  9.5 ± 1.3 9.6 ± 1.1 (mmHg) Pressure at the 5 41.4 ± 10.0 42.9 ± 10.7 42.8 ± 9.7  time of urination (mmHg) Urination interval 5 384.4 ± 63.2  450.7 ± 76.9  547.4 ± 122.5 (sec) Single urination 5 0.288 ± 0.061 0.310 ± 0.068 0.403 ± 0.129 amount (g) Mean ± S.E. (n = 5)

Example 47 Metabolic Stability Test (Test Method)

Human hepatic microsomes and a test substance were reacted for a certain period of time (0 to 60 minutes). The test substance, which was not metabolized in the reaction sample, was measured, and remaining ratio was calculated. The test substance-remaining ratio at the time when the reaction time is 0 hour is taken as 100%. The remaining ratio after incubation was plotted against time as a log-linear plot to obtain a regression line (y=100e^(−kt), k=inclination of straight line: clearance rate constant), and metabolic clearance CL_(int) (mL/min/kg) was calculated by using the following equation. CL_(int)*=k(−min)×52.5 (mg MS protein/g liver)×26 (g liver/kg)/MS protein (mg MS protein/mL)

-   *: Davies, B. and Morris T., Physiological parameters in laboratory     animals and humans, Pharm. Res., 10(7)1093-1095, 1993

(Test Results)

The test results are shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9 Comparative Example 1 Example 7 Example 10 Example 16 compound 1 CL_(int) 19 5.6 13 18 25 Comparative compound 1: WO2013/35833, Example 93 (compound 104)

As clearly seen from the results shown in Table 9, it was revealed that the compounds of the present invention have superior metabolic stability. On the other hand, it was revealed that the compounds described in WO2013/35833 (Patent document 4) include those showing bad metabolic stability. 

1. A method for therapeutic treatment of pain-associated anxiety or depression in a mammalian subject in need thereof, comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide; 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)one; 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)one; 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one; 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one; and 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is orally administered at a dose of 0.1-100 mg/day.
 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 2-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridine 1-oxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 3-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 5-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression.
 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is: 6-((1S,3aR,5aS,6R,11bR,11cS)-14-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10-hydroxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,11c-octahydro-1H-6,11b-(epiminoethano)-1,5a-methanonaphtho[1,2-e]indole-3-carbonyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the pain-associated anxiety or depression is fibromyalgia-associated anxiety or depression. 